“…In most of the common human cancers, NGAL expression is upregulated, for example in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer (Kubben et al, 2007), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Zhang et al, 2007), lung adenocarcinoma (Friedl et al, 1999), primary liver carcinoma (Li et al, 2012), breast cancer (Fernández et al, 2005), and thyroid neoplasia (Iannetti et al, 2008), while in a few conditions, NGAL expression is downregulated or remains debatable, for example in pancreatic cancer (Furutani et al, 1998;Laurell et al, 2006;Tong et al, 2008), prostate cancer (Mahadevan et al, 2011), and chronic myeloid leukemia (Villalva et al, 2008).…”