Identification of Bodies by Unique Serial Numbers on Implanted Medical Devices

Abstract

Visual identification is the most common identification method used by medical examiners but is not always possible. Alternative methods include X-ray, fingerprint, or DNA comparison, but these methods require additional resources. Comparison of serial numbers on implanted medical devices is a rapid and definitive method of identification. To assess the practicality of using this method, we reviewed 608 consecutive forensic autopsies performed at a regional medical examiner office. Of these, 56 cases required an alternative method of identification due to decomposition (n = 35), gunshot wound (n = 9), blunt trauma (n = 6), or charring (n = 6). Of these 56 cases, eight (14.3%) were known to have an implanted medical device. Of these eight cases, five (63%) could be positively identified by comparing serial numbers. If an implanted medical device is known to be present, and medical records are available, identification by medical device serial number should be a first-line method.

Identification of skeletal remains by orthopaedic implant: A case report and brief review of the literature

“…Positive identification was established in six cases by comparing the unique serial number from clinical records. In two cases, it indicated the lot number 7. Matoso et al.…”

“…Conventionally, visual identification is used to verify identity in the majority of cases. However, visual identification is unreliable in cases of advanced decomposition, extensive facial disfigurement due to trauma or burns and skeletal remains 7. Forensic experts have to resort to alternate methods of identification in such cases.…”

“…Implanted medical devices include orthopaedic metallic implants such as plates, screws and artificial joints, intraocular lenses, breast implants, vascular stents, vascular occluding devices, prosthetic heart valves, ventricular assist devices, implantable cardiac defibrillators and pacemakers. The use of orthopaedic devices for forensic identification is well established 1–8. The manufacturer and model of the implanted device can be ascertained by examination of the logo and other specific details 14.…”

“…If patient-specific data are lacking, then the manufacturer can at least provide the shipping details, details of the distributors or the hospitals that have procured the devices. However, the same serial number is required to be documented in the clinical records for positive identification 7…”

“…Implanted medical devices can be instrumental in establishing identity in such cases. Use of orthopaedic implants in the forensic identification from skeletal remains is well described in the literature 1–8. In the USA, the law mandates that batch numbers and serial numbers engraved on metallic implants are unique, and a database containing the details of the individuals to whom the implant is issued must be maintained 9.…”