Identification of brake wear particles and derivation of a quantitative tracer for brake dust at a major road

Gietl, Johanna K.; Lawrence, Roy; Thorpe, A.; Harrison, Roy M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.016

Cited by 386 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In previous studies, these conditions have been associated with a quick decrease of the speed of cars, thereby enhancing the presence of traffic-related particles (Wilkinson et al, 2013). Moreover, our W% data indicates higher concentrations of Cu, Cr and Cl near street sites, which is consistent to previous studies (Gietl et al, 2010;Ondráček et al, 2011;Stechmann and Dannecker, 1990;Thorpe and Harrison, 2008), however, this was not confirmed by PCA. On the other hand, PCA evidenced Mg as a non-traffic marker, corroborating with a previous study which recognized it as an element related to particles from natural sources (Senlin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization of leaf-level particulate matter for an industrial city using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis

Sgrigna

Baldacchini

Esposito

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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This study reports application of monitoring and characterization protocol for particulate matter (PM) deposited on tree leaves, using Quercus ilex as a case study species. The study area is located in the industrial city of Terni in central Italy, with high PM concentrations. Four trees were selected as representative of distinct pollution environments based on their proximity to a steel factory and a street. Wash off from leaves onto cellulose filters were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inferring the associations between particle sizes, chemical composition, and sampling location.Modeling of particle size distributions showed a tri-modal fingerprint, with the three modes centered at 0.6 (factory related), 1.2 (urban background), and 2.6 μm (traffic related). Chemical detection identified 23 elements abundant in the PM samples. Principal component analysis recognized iron and copper as sourcespecific PM markers, attributed mainly to industrial and heavy traffic pollution respectively. Upscaling these results on leaf area basis provided a useful indicator for strategic evaluation of harmful PM pollutants using tree leaves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization of leaf-level particulate matter for an industrial city using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis

Sgrigna

Baldacchini

Esposito

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…For brake-related metals we assume that the fraction above 10 |im is negligible with respect to total mass, as previously observed by Lough et al (2005), Iijima et al (2007) and Gietl et al (2010). The EFs estimated in this study (0.029-0.031 mgCu VICT -1 ) are much smaller than those found in the city center of Barcelona (0.48 mgCu VKT" 1 , Amato et al, 2010), Oporto (0.26-0.40 mgCu VKT" 1 , Oliveira et al, 2010) or Zurich (0.50 mgCu VKT" 1 , Bukowiecki et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway

Amato

Karanasiou

Moreno

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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Particulate matter emissions from paved roads are currently one of the main challenges for a sustainable transport in Europe. Emissions are scarcely estimated due to the lack of knowledge about the resuspension process severely hampering a reliable simulation of PM and heavy metals concentrations in large cities and evaluation of population exposure. In this study the Emission Factors from road dust resuspension on a Mediterranean freeway were estimated per single vehicle category and PM component (OC, EC, mineral dust and metals) by means of the deployment of vertical profiles of passive samplers and terminal concentration estimate. The estimated PMio emission factors varied from 12 to 47 mg VKT -1 (VICT: Vehicle Kilometer Traveled) with an average value of 22.7 ± 14.2 mg VKT -1 . Emission Factors for heavy and light duty vehicles, passenger cars and motorbikes were estimated, based on average fleet composition and EPA ratios, in 187-733 mg VKT -1 , 33-131 VKT -1 , 9.4-36.9 VKT" 1 and 0.8-3.3 VKT -1 , respectively. These range of values are lower than previous estimates in Mediterranean urban roads, probably due to the lower dust reservoir on freeways. PM emitted material was dominated by mineral dust (9-10 mg VKT -1 ), but also OC and EC were found to be major components and approximately 14 -25% and 2-9% of average PM exhaust emissions from diesel passenger cars on highways respectively.

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“…Arom and F11-Ca show moderate 55 correlations with gaseous primary pollutants (Table 1), and 263 with the time-series of some metals measured by the ATOFMS (Sb, Ba, Cu, Zn and Ca; Table S5), 264 identified as known markers of vehicular traffic emissions (Gietl et al 2010). 265…”

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confidence: 99%

Local and Regional Components of Aerosol in a Heavily Trafficked Street Canyon in Central London Derived from PMF and Cluster Analysis of Single-Particle ATOFMS Spectra

Giorio

Tapparo

Dall’Osto

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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27Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) has been applied to single particle ATOFMS spectra collected 28 on a six lane heavily trafficked road in central London (Marylebone Road), which well represents 29 an urban street canyon. PMF analysis successfully extracted 11 factors from mass spectra of about 30 700,000 particles as a complement to information on particle types (from K-means cluster analysis). 31The factors were associated with specific sources and represent the contribution of different traffic 32 related components (i.e. lubricating oils, fresh elemental carbon, organonitrogen and aromatic 33 compounds), secondary aerosol locally produced (i.e. nitrate, oxidized organic aerosol and oxidized 34 organonitrogen compounds), urban background together with regional transport (aged elemental 35 carbon and ammonium) and fresh sea spray. An important result from this study is the evidence that 36 rapid chemical processes occur in the street canyon with production of secondary particles from 37 road traffic emissions. These locally generated particles, together with aging processes, dramatically 38

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Identification of brake wear particles and derivation of a quantitative tracer for brake dust at a major road

Cited by 386 publications

References 24 publications

Characterization of leaf-level particulate matter for an industrial city using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis

Characterization of leaf-level particulate matter for an industrial city using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis

Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway

Local and Regional Components of Aerosol in a Heavily Trafficked Street Canyon in Central London Derived from PMF and Cluster Analysis of Single-Particle ATOFMS Spectra

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