Identification of Buffalo Breeds Using Self-Activated-Based Improved Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract

The livestock of Pakistan includes different animal breeds utilized for milk farming and exporting worldwide. Buffalo have a high milk production rate, and Pakistan is the third-largest milk-producing country, and its production is increasing over time. Hence, it is essential to recognize the best Buffalo breed for a high milk- and meat yield to meet the world’s demands and breed production. Pakistan has the second-largest number of buffalos among countries worldwide, where the Neli-Ravi breed is the most common. The extensive demand for Neli and Ravi breeds resulted in the new cross-breed “Neli-Ravi” in the 1960s. Identifying and segregating the Neli-Ravi breed from other buffalo breeds is the most crucial concern for Pakistan’s dairy-production centers. Therefore, the automatic detection and classification of buffalo breeds are required. In this research, a computer-vision-based recognition framework is proposed to identify and classify the Neli-Ravi breed from other buffalo breeds. The proposed framework employs self-activated-based improved convolutional neural networks (CNN) combined with self-transfer learning. Moreover, feature maps extracted from CNN are further transferred to obtain rich feature vectors. Different machine learning (Ml) classifiers are adopted to classify the feature vectors. The proposed framework is evaluated on two buffalo breeds, namely, Neli-Ravi and Khundi, and one additional target class contains different buffalo breeds collectively called Mix. The proposed research achieves a maximum of 93% accuracy using SVM and more than 85% accuracy employing recent variants.

Image-Based Arabian Camel Breed Classification Using Transfer Learning on CNNs

“…Pan et al [31] presented a computer-vision-based recognition system to categorize buffalo breeds. Their suggested framework combines self-activated convolutional neural networks with self-transfer learning.…”

Study of medicinal plants used in ethnoveterinary medical system in riverine areas of Punjab, Pakistan

“…This vital sector not only provides animal feed to the rural population, but it also contributes to poverty alleviation by providing draught power and employment to the people of this country. Pakistan is the 3rd largest milk-producer in the world, and its output is rising overtime, highlighting the importance of the buffalo [14]. Many Pakistani livestock producers are disadvantaged, and the majority of these farmers are unable to purchase modern allopathic drugs due to financial constraints [15], resulting in low animal production and health.…”