Identification of carbazole in wilmington petroleum through use of gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopy

Isolation and Identification of Nitrogen Compounds in Petroleum.

“…The same authors also reported (7) the use of zinc chloride and ferric chloride as complexing agents for the isolation of nitriles from a hydrogenated furnace oil. Carbazole was identified in Wilmington, Calif., petroleum by Helm and coworkers (9) using distillation, adsorption, chemical treatment, gas chromatography, and spectrometry. As a means of identifying nitrogen compounds in gas chromatographic effluents Thompson and coworkers (18) developed a catalytic hydrogenation micromethod in w'hich the nitrogen-free products are identified.…”

“…One method used by Helm and coworkers (9) for the separation of carbazole from Wilmington crude involved treatment of a narrow boiling fraction with sodium amide in liquid ammonia. A precipitate was formed upon reaction of the weakly acidic carbazole with the sodium amide.…”

Mass Spectrometry in Organic Geochemistry

“…Mass spectra of the pure compounds gave the molecular weight and some indication of structural features, and final identification was made by comparison of other physical data (m. p., i. r.) with known samples. HELM et al [214] reported the first definite identification of carbazole in virgin Wilmington petroleum; after purification of the compound by g.l. c., the structural assignment was made on the basis of its mass spectrum (MW = 167) and comparison of other spectral data.…”

Ultraviolet Spectrometry

“…Phenothiazine in commercial preparations w7as similarly treated by Brierley and Langbridge (25). A combination of infrared, ultraviolet, and mass spectrometry was used by Helm et al (56) for studying carbazole in Wilmington, Calif., petroleum. Quaternary nitrogen compounds were determined in the effluent from a chromatographic column by Wall et al (159).…”