Identification of cell-associated and secreted serine-type peptidases in multidrug-resistant emergent pathogens belonging to the Candida haemulonii complex

Souto, Xênia Macedo; Ramos, Lívia S.; Branquinha, Marta H.; Santos, André Luis Souza dos

doi:10.1007/s12223-018-0651-y

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…So far, almost nothing is known about the secretion of serine-type peptidases by C. haemulonii species complex (Ramos et al 2016, Souto et al 2019. In this context and bearing in mind the importance of the S1 family of serine peptidases in many aspects of the fungus-host interaction, in the present study we have described the presence of serine peptidases in clinical isolates of C. haemulonii, C. haemulonii var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities secreted by the multidrug-resistant yeasts forming the Candida haemulonii complex

Souto

Branquinha

Santos

2019

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities secreted by the multidrug-resistant yeasts forming the Candida haemulonii complex

Souto

Branquinha

Santos

2019

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…can secrete proteolytic enzymes other than aspartic-type proteases [ 52 ]. In this sense, the secretion of serine proteases has already been reported in clinical isolates of C. albicans and some non- albicans Candida species, including C. dubliniensis , C. tropicalis , C. guilliermondii [ 53 , 54 ] and also in the C. haemulonii species complex [ 8 ], all of them capable of cleaving a broad spectrum of proteins, including important key host components such as serum proteins (e.g., hemoglobin, immunoglobulin and albumin) [ 8 , 53 , 54 ]. Herein, we showed that moderate to weak caseinolytic activity was detected in 85.7% (6/7) of isolates of C. haemulonii , 72.7% (8/11) of C. duobushaemulonii and 71.4% (5/7) of C. haemulonii var.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, on the other hand, all 12 clinical isolates of the C. haemulonii complex tested were positive for caseinolytic activity [ 7 ], while Pagani et al [ 34 ] demonstrated that 75% of C. haemulonii isolates from soft corals tested were strong producers of caseinase and 25% exhibited no activity. Additionally, our group reported that clinical isolates of the C. haemulonii complex were able to secrete serine proteases able to hydrolyze casein, later demonstrating that the extracellular serine proteases belong to the S1 family, exhibiting chymotrypsin-, trypsin- and elastase-like activities [ 8 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, the ability to adhere to abiotic substrates, including different catheter types and, consequently, biofilm formation is of great importance in hospital settings once it facilitates the access to bloodstream and dissemination to internal organs [ 6 ]. Additionally, the production of different classes of biologically active secreted molecules such as hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., proteases, phospholipases, esterases, and phytases) as well as hemolysins and siderophores allows them to hydrolyze key components of tissues and cells as well as to evade from both cellular and humoral host immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. Recently, the description of phenotypic switching in C. haemulonii , i.e., the ability to switch between different morphological types, reinforces the capacity of rapid adaptation to changes in host environment, contributing to its survival in different host niches [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Threat Called Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Focus on Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Attributes

Ramos

Figueiredo-Carvalho

Silva

et al. 2022

JoF

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Although considered rare, the emergent Candida haemulonii species complex, formed by C. haemulonii sensu stricto (Ch), C. duobushaemulonii (Cd) and C. haemulonii var. vulnera (Chv), is highlighted due to its profile of increased resistance to the available antifungal drugs. In the present work, 25 clinical isolates, recovered from human infections during 2011–2020 and biochemically identified by automated system as C. haemulonii, were initially assessed by molecular methods (amplification and sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 gene) for precise species identification. Subsequently, the antifungal susceptibility of planktonic cells, biofilm formation and susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal drugs and the secretion of key molecules, such as hydrolytic enzymes, hemolysins and siderophores, were evaluated by classical methodologies. Our results revealed that 7 (28%) isolates were molecularly identified as Ch, 7 (28%) as Chv and 11 (44%) as Cd. Sixteen (64%) fungal isolates were recovered from blood. Regarding the antifungal susceptibility test, the planktonic cells were resistant to (i) fluconazole (100% of Ch and Chv, and 72.7% of Cd isolates), itraconazole and voriconazole (85.7% of Ch and Chv, and 72.7% of Cd isolates); (ii) no breakpoints were defined for posaconazole, but high MICs were observed for 85.7% of Ch and Chv, and 72.7% of Cd isolates; (iii) all isolates were resistant to amphotericin B; and (iv) all isolates were susceptible to echinocandins (except for one isolate of Cd) and to flucytosine (except for two isolates of Cd). Biofilm is a well-known virulence and resistant structure in Candida species, including the C. haemulonii complex. Herein, we showed that all isolates were able to form viable biofilms over a polystyrene surface. Moreover, the mature biofilms formed by the C. haemulonii species complex presented a higher antifungal-resistant profile than their planktonic counterparts. Secreted molecules associated with virulence were also detected in our fungal collection: 100% of the isolates yielded aspartic proteases, hemolysins and siderophores as well as phospholipase (92%), esterase (80%), phytase (80%), and caseinase (76%) activities. Our results reinforce the multidrug resistance profile of the C. haemulonii species complex, including Brazilian clinical isolates, as well as their ability to produce important virulence attributes such as biofilms and different classes of hydrolytic enzymes, hemolysins and siderophores, which typically present a strain-dependent profile.

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“…Electrophoresis was carried out at 120 V and 120 mA for 90 min at room temperature, and the gels were silver stained [ 20 ]. A clinical isolate of C. haemulonii (LIP Ch 2) was used as positive control for this experiment [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes

et al. 2023

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The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for approximately 6.8 million deaths worldwide, threatening more than 753 million individuals. People with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection often exhibit an immunosuppression condition, resulting in greater chances of developing co-infections with bacteria and fungi, including opportunistic yeasts belonging to the Saccharomyces and Candida genera. In the present work, we have reported the case of a 75-year-old woman admitted at a Brazilian university hospital with an arterial ulcer in the left foot, which was being prepared for surgical amputation. The patient presented other underlying diseases and presented positive tests for COVID-19 prior to hospitalization. She received antimicrobial treatment, but her general condition worsened quickly, leading to death by septic shock after 4 days of hospitalization. Blood samples collected on the day she died were positive for yeast-like organisms, which were later identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by both biochemical and molecular methods. The fungal strain exhibited low minimal inhibitory concentration values for the antifungal agents tested (amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, caspofungin, fluconazole and voriconazole), and it was able to produce important virulence factors, such as extracellular bioactive molecules (e.g., aspartic peptidase, phospholipase, esterase, phytase, catalase, hemolysin and siderophore) and biofilm. Despite the activity against planktonic cells, the antifungals were not able to impact the mature biofilm parameters (biomass and viability). Additionally, the S. cerevisiae strain caused the death of Tenebrio molitor larvae, depending on the fungal inoculum, and larvae immunosuppression with corticosteroids increased the larvae mortality rate. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the emergence of S. cerevisiae as an opportunistic fungal pathogen in immunosuppressed patients presenting several severe comorbidities, including COVID-19 infection.

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Identification of cell-associated and secreted serine-type peptidases in multidrug-resistant emergent pathogens belonging to the Candida haemulonii complex

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities secreted by the multidrug-resistant yeasts forming the Candida haemulonii complex

Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities secreted by the multidrug-resistant yeasts forming the Candida haemulonii complex

The Threat Called Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Focus on Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Attributes

SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes

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