Identification of Chemical Composition and Metal Determination of Retama raetam (Forssk) Stem Constituents Using ICP-MS, GC-MS-MS, and DART-MS

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents of the stem of Retama raetam growing in Saudi Arabia. The organic and inorganic composition of ethanol extract of R. raetam stem has been explored using direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis conducted by DART-MS and GC-MS reveals the presence of several interesting organic constituents identified as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, sparteine, benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, phthalic acid, 1-octadecanol, squalene, argentamin, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, sparteine, benzene propanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, phthalic acid, 1-octadecanol, squalene, argentamin, and hentriacontane in the ethanol extract of the R. raetam stem. The ICP-MS analysis of stem extract showed the presence of a significant amount of important inorganic elements including aluminum, chlorine, calcium, bromine magnesium, phosphorus, scandium, and chromium. The current study complements other R. raetam extract investigations carried out in the past and provides the additional data for the future research studies.

Analysis of Floral Fragrance Components in Different Parts of Iris typhifolia

“…(+)-Dipentene and methylheptenone are allowed to be used as edible flavors, mainly for the preparation of flavors [28,29]. 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol can be used as antioxidant, stabilizer, and ultraviolet absorber intermediate [30]; nonylaldehyde is widely used in flavor formulations, and it can also be used as a food flavor [31]. Basil can be used to produce the flavor basil enol, and it can also be used for daily chemical flavor [32]; 1, 2-dichloroethane can be employed as a solvent for oil, fat, gum, resin, etc., and can also be used as a raw material to synthesize fungicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators [33]; methyl salicylate is the precursor to synthesize aspirin [34]; phenylacetaldehyde is valued in the fragrance industry as an important raw material for modulating floral flavors [35].…”

Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2021: An annual review

“…Whereas an important focus of AIMS in food and agriculture is from a safety and authentication perspective, ambient MS techniques also have their use in detecting potentially healthy and harmful natural products in food and plants, evaluating flavour compounds in food products, and studying the metabolomics of agricultural products and plants. PSI has been used to quantify flavonoids in citrus beverages 94 and analyse plants containing pharmacologically active ingredients, 95 whereas DART‐MS has been widely applied for the analysis of active ingredients in herbal supplements and plants 96–101 . These two techniques have also been utilized in the evaluation of sour compounds in tea and wine, 102 to measure artificial sweeteners in alcoholic beverages 103 and for the study of post‐harvest quality of vegetables 104 .…”

“…PSI has been used to quantify flavonoids in citrus beverages 94 and analyse plants containing pharmacologically active ingredients, 95 whereas DART‐MS has been widely applied for the analysis of active ingredients in herbal supplements and plants. 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 These two techniques have also been utilized in the evaluation of sour compounds in tea and wine, 102 to measure artificial sweeteners in alcoholic beverages 103 and for the study of post‐harvest quality of vegetables. 104 REIMS has also been applied to the study of omega‐7 phospholipids in marine consumer products.…”