Identification of chitin synthase activator in Aspergillus niger and its application in citric acid fermentation

Jiang, Chunxu; Wang, Han; Liu, Menghan; Wang, Li; Yang, Ruwen; Wang, Peng; Lu, Zongmei; Zhou, Yong; Zheng, Zhiming; Zhao, Genhai

doi:10.1007/s00253-022-12174-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In this study, accompanied by the formation of looser and smaller pellets in Δ chsA , the deletion of chsA resulted in the decreased production of amylases, pectinases, cellulases, and malic acid, but increased citric acid production. The deletion of chsA would simultaneously destroy conidiation and cell wall integrity, which deteriorates the fermentation morphology and reduces the fermentation efficiency [ 43 ]. For the decrease in the production of amylases, pectinases, cellulases, and malic acid, the negative effects of metabolic interference outweighed the positive effects of morphological optimization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ChsA, a Class Ⅱ Chitin Synthase, Contributes to Asexual Conidiation, Mycelial Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and the Production of Enzymes and Organic Acids in Aspergillus niger

Zhu,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

JoF

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Chitin synthases (CHSs) are vital enzymes for the synthesis of chitin and play important and differential roles in fungal development, cell wall integrity, environmental adaptation, virulence, and metabolism in fungi. However, except for ChsC, a class III CHS, little is known about the functions of CHSs in Aspergillus niger, an important fungus that is widely applied in the fermentation industry and food processing, as well as a spoilage fungus of food and a human pathogen. This study showed the important functions of ChsA, a class II CHS, in A. niger using multi-phenotypic and transcriptional analyses under various conditions. The deletion of chsA led to severe defects in conidiation on different media and resulted in the formation of smaller and less compact pellets with less septa in hyphal cells during submerged fermentation. Compared with the WT, the ΔchsA mutants exhibited less chitin content, reduced growth under the stresses of cell wall-disturbing and oxidative agents, more released protoplasts, a thicker conidial wall, decreased production of amylases, pectinases, cellulases, and malic acid, and increased citric acid production. However, ΔchsA mutants displayed insignificant changes in their sensitivity to osmotic agents and infection ability on apple. These findings concurred with the alteration in the transcript levels and enzymatic activities of some phenotype-related genes. Conclusively, ChsA is important for cell wall integrity and mycelial morphology, and acts as a positive regulator of conidiation, cellular responses to oxidative stresses, and the production of malic acid and some enzymes, but negatively regulates the citric acid production in A. niger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ChsA, a Class Ⅱ Chitin Synthase, Contributes to Asexual Conidiation, Mycelial Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and the Production of Enzymes and Organic Acids in Aspergillus niger

Zhu,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…niger , RNAi was used to knockdown chitin synthase activator (CHS3). A. niger chs3 mutants exhibited better citric acid production potential compared to that of the parent strain in scale-up fermentation [ 257 ]. RNAi was also applied to silence the expression of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase ( hmgR ) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase ( fpps ) genes in Fusarium sp., resulting in higher levels of bikaverin, a known antimicrobial and antitumor compound [ 258 ].…”

Section: Recombinant Dna Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the Development of Industrial Fungal Producing Strains

Salazar-Cerezo

Vries

Garrigues

2023

JoF

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The use of microorganisms in industry has enabled the (over)production of various compounds (e.g., primary and secondary metabolites, proteins and enzymes) that are relevant for the production of antibiotics, food, beverages, cosmetics, chemicals and biofuels, among others. Industrial strains are commonly obtained by conventional (non-GMO) strain improvement strategies and random screening and selection. However, recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to improve microbial strains by adding, deleting or modifying specific genes. Techniques such as genetic engineering and genome editing are contributing to the development of industrial production strains. Nevertheless, there is still significant room for further strain improvement. In this review, we will focus on classical and recent methods, tools and technologies used for the development of fungal production strains with the potential to be applied at an industrial scale. Additionally, the use of functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics together with the implementation of genetic manipulation techniques and expression tools will be discussed.

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“…For example, in their investigation of the regulatory effects of chitin synthase on mycelial morphology during submerged fermentation, Sun et al used an RNAi construct to silence the chs C gene in A. niger and found that this strategy resulted in the shortening of hyphal length, reduction in the proportion of dispersed mycelia, and increase in the compactness of mycelial pellets [ 69 ]. In subsequent studies, the same group established that the function of the chs C gene is tightly interrelated with the functioning of the chitin synthase activator ( chs 3) gene of A. niger , and that the desired mycelial morphology for enhancing citric acid production in submerged fermentation cultures can be obtained by knockdown of the chs 3 gene [ 70 ]. In addition, disruption of the chs B gene in A. oryzae resulted in a significant reduction in the formation of mycelial clumps and corresponding increases in the number of freely dispersed hyphae and frequency of branching [ 71 ].…”

Section: The Regulatory Effect Of Chitin Biosynthesis On the Cell Gro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, deletion of the chs C gene in A. niger significantly modified the mycelial morphology in submerged fermentation, contributing to a 42.6% increase in citric acid production compared with that produced by the wild-type strain [ 69 ]. Furthermore, the mycelial morphology of A. niger in submerged cultures can be optimized by silencing the chitin synthase activator ( chs 3) gene, resulting in a 39.25% increase in the production of citric acid [ 70 ]. Notably, our research group has found that the total production of microbial secondary metabolites ( Monascus pigments and citrinin) by M. purpureus was significantly reduced in response to the disruption of the CHS VI gene; however, downregulation of the expression levels of different chs genes to appropriate levels can substantially enhance metabolite production [ 57 ].…”

Section: The Application Of Morphological Engineering Of Industrial F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Chitin Biosynthesis Associated with the Morphology and Secondary Metabolite Synthesis of Filamentous Fungi in Submerged Fermentation

Gong

Zhang

Liu

2023

JoF

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Metabolites produced by filamentous fungi are used extensively in the food and drug industries. With the development of the morphological engineering of filamentous fungi, numerous biotechnologies have been applied to alter the morphology of fungal mycelia and enhance the yields and productivity of target metabolites during submerged fermentation. Disruption of chitin biosynthesis can modify the cell growth and mycelial morphology of filamentous fungi and regulate the biosynthesis of metabolites during submerged fermentation. In this review, we present a comprehensive coverage of the categories and structures of the enzyme chitin synthase, chitin biosynthetic pathways, and the association between chitin biosynthesis and cell growth and metabolism in filamentous fungi. Through this review, we hope to increase awareness of the metabolic engineering of filamentous fungal morphology, provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of morphological control via chitin biosynthesis, and describe strategies for the application of morphological engineering to enhance the production of target metabolites in filamentous fungi during submerged fermentation.

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Identification of chitin synthase activator in Aspergillus niger and its application in citric acid fermentation

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

ChsA, a Class Ⅱ Chitin Synthase, Contributes to Asexual Conidiation, Mycelial Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and the Production of Enzymes and Organic Acids in Aspergillus niger

ChsA, a Class Ⅱ Chitin Synthase, Contributes to Asexual Conidiation, Mycelial Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and the Production of Enzymes and Organic Acids in Aspergillus niger

Strategies for the Development of Industrial Fungal Producing Strains

Recent Advances in Chitin Biosynthesis Associated with the Morphology and Secondary Metabolite Synthesis of Filamentous Fungi in Submerged Fermentation

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