Identification of Chlorophene in a Backwater Stream in Kerala (India) and its Sonochemical Degradation Studies

Rayaroth, Manoj P.; Khalid, Nejumal K.; Sasi, Subha; Aravind, Usha K.; Aravindakumar, Charuvila T.

doi:10.1002/clen.201400508

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The analytical parameters obtained in this study are summarized in Table 1. The results obtained meet the concentration detected in a backwater stream in Kerala (India) [7] and in activated sludge sewage [9] by HPLC-MS and GC-MS. Additionally, the immobilized enzyme withstood 35 regeneration cycles by using 0.1 M NaOH before any significant loss of recognition capacity was observed. Currently, there is a lack of biosensors that address the detection of CP, since the analytical tools have been mainly limited to chromatographic techniques.…”

Section: Spr Measurements: Chlorophene Detectionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The presence of this emerging pollutant has been commonly detected by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) [4] and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [3], powerful analytical methods for detecting and quantifying trace amounts of compounds. For instance, Rayaroth et al (2015) [7] identified the presence of chlorophene in a backwater stream using the liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight MS (LC-QTOF-MS), with a C18 column set at 35 • C and a gradient elution of acetonitrile:formic acid in water (0.1%). Meanwhile, Chen et al (2018) [11] established the quantification of CP using an HPLC instrument with a UV absorbance detector, an SB-C18 column and a mixture of formic acid as a mobile phase and methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, chlorophene (4-chloro-2-(phenylmethyl)phenol) is an antimicrobial agent widely applied in disinfectants for cleaning activities and for farming, industrial and household environments [ 3 , 4 ], as well as preservatives in cosmetics and wood [ 5 ]. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), chlorophene has been included in the list of priority toxic pollutants [ 6 , 7 ]. It has been related to mutagenic effects in mammals [ 5 ], fertility alterations and kidney damage through prolonged exposure [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Novel Enzyme-Based SPR Strategy for Detection of the Antimicrobial Agent Chlorophene

Quintanilla-Villanueva

Luna-Moreno

Blanco-Gámez

et al. 2021

Biosensors

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Chlorophene is an important antimicrobial agent present in disinfectant products which has been related to health and environmental effects, and its detection has been limited to chromatographic techniques. Thus, there is a lack of research that attempts to develop new analytical tools, such as biosensors, that address the detection of this emerging pollutant. Therefore, a new biosensor for the direct detection of chlorophene in real water is presented, based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and using a laccase enzyme as a recognition element. The biosensor chip was obtained by covalent immobilization of the laccase on a gold-coated surface through carbodiimide esters. The analytical parameters accomplished resulted in a limit of detection and quantification of 0.33 mg/L and 1.10 mg/L, respectively, fulfilling the concentrations that have already been detected in environmental samples. During the natural river’s measurements, no significant matrix effects were observed, obtaining a recovery percentage of 109.21% ± 7.08, which suggested that the method was suitable for the fast and straightforward analysis of this contaminant. Finally, the SPR measurements were validated with an HPLC method, which demonstrated no significant difference in terms of precision and accuracy, leading to the conclusion that the biosensor reflects its potential as an alternative analytical tool for the monitoring of chlorophene in aquatic environments.

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Section: Spr Measurements: Chlorophene Detectionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Novel Enzyme-Based SPR Strategy for Detection of the Antimicrobial Agent Chlorophene

Quintanilla-Villanueva

Luna-Moreno

Blanco-Gámez

et al. 2021

Biosensors

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“…The influence of some micropollutants on the degradation of methylparaben has also been investigated by this high-resolution mass spectrometric technique (Sasi et al 2015). The advantage of using this technique over other mass spectrometric technique is in the identification of unknown compound as it offers the elemental composition and the possible structure from the software itself (Rayaroth et al 2015b).…”

Section: Sonoelectrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several mass spectrometric techniques for the trace-level detection of micropollutants from water, such as triple quadrupole systems, time of flight and Orbitrap TM instruments, and their hybrid configurations, quadrupole time of flight, ion trap-Orbitrap or quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometers, etc. (Rayaroth et al 2015b;Sirtori et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Degradation of pharmaceuticals by ultrasound-based advanced oxidation process

2016

Self Cite

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Water pollution by pharmaceutically active compounds is an emerging issue. Toxicological studies reveal that pharmaceuticals are indeed toxic for living organisms. The lack of suitable treatment technology for the complete removal of pharmaceuticals is therefore a major challenge. Advanced oxidation processes are emerging removal techniques that have many advantages versus conventional technologies. Many studies indicate that advanced oxidation processes, either in single or in combination with other degradation techniques, can enhance the degradation of pharmaceuticals in aqueous solutions. Here, we review the degradation of pharmaceuticals by sonolysis, an oxidation processes using ultrasound. In this technique, hydroxyl radicals are generated by pyrolytic cleavage of water molecules. We review the influence of operational parameters, additives and hybrid techniques on the degradation of pharmaceuticals. The maximum degradation of organic compounds was observed in the frequency range of 100-1000 kHz, which is in the high-frequency medium-power ultrasound. Even though almost all the experiments presented more than 90 % removal and good biodegradability of the target compound, good mineralization and the toxicity removal were hardly achieved. The efficiency of the degradation varies with water matrixes and varying pH. Major pathways of degradation are hydroxylation, dehalogenation, demethylation, decarboxylation, deamination, etc. More hybrid techniques have to be developed to scale up the application of ultrasound.

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Screening and quantification of emerging contaminants in Periyar River, Kerala (India) by using high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS)

Khalid

Devadasan

Aravind

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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The presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in different aquatic systems may contribute to hazardous effects on aquatic organisms and subsequently on human health. In the present work, liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (LC-Q-ToF-MS) was used to identify and quantify a series of ECs in Periyar River in Aluva region, Kerala, India. The water samples were pre concentrated using solid-phase extraction (SPE) prior to analysis. The compounds were probed in both positive and negative ionization mode using electro spray ionization (ESI). Method validations were performed for linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision (intraday and inter day). The ECs were quantified using standard calibration curve. The identified nine ECs include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroids, surfactants, and phthalate. A relatively high concentration was observed in the case of 2-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (1012 ng/l) and low concentration was observed for lignocaine (4.3 ng/l; since this is below LOQ, the value is only approximate). In addition, we have identified another 28 organic compounds using the technique of non-target analysis out of which seven compounds fall in the category of surfactants. Being the first report on ECs in Periyar River, the data is very important as this river is one of the biggest and important rivers of Kerala having several purification units for drinking water in the province.

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Identification of Chlorophene in a Backwater Stream in Kerala (India) and its Sonochemical Degradation Studies

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

A Novel Enzyme-Based SPR Strategy for Detection of the Antimicrobial Agent Chlorophene

A Novel Enzyme-Based SPR Strategy for Detection of the Antimicrobial Agent Chlorophene

Degradation of pharmaceuticals by ultrasound-based advanced oxidation process

Screening and quantification of emerging contaminants in Periyar River, Kerala (India) by using high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS)

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