Identification of cladding modes in SMF-28 fibers with TFBG structures

Abstract

This article proposes an unequivocal method of labeling and numbering the cladding modes propagating in single-mode optical waveguides with tilted periodic structures. The unambiguous determination of individual propagating modes in this type of optical fiber is crucial for their use in sensory systems. The selection of the appropriate spectral range and mode determines the sensitivity and measuring range of tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) sensors. The measurement methods proposed by individual research teams using TFBGs as transducers are usually based on the selection of specific modes. Unification of the labeling of modes and their numbering enables comparison of the basic metrological parameters of individual measurement methods and reproduction and verification of the proposed sensors and methods in the laboratories of other scientific and research centers.

Optical control system of the geometric model constructed in 3D space for magnetic stereotaxis

“…This method enables non-contact control of surgical instruments entering the brain tissue so that the implanted small permanent magnet can follow any trajectory to almost any brain area, ensuring minimal trauma to the surrounding brain tissue and thus becoming one of the least invasive methods for surgical intervention on brain tissue. This approach can also be applied in various minimally invasive surgical operations, not only in neurosurgery but also, for example, in rhinosurgery 14,15 .…”