Identification of CM1 as a Pathogenic Factor in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer

Abstract

BackgroundCM1 (centrocyte/-blast marker 1) was defined by a mAb against concanavalin A (Con A) activated PBMC. It is expressed in germinal center of human tonsil and on the surface of activated PBMC as well as cancer cells. Recently, increased productions of pro-inflammatory mediators were detected from activated PBMC by CM1 ligation.MethodsHowever, there is a limitation to explain the exact role of CM1 on inflammation and its related mechanisms, since the identity of CM1 is still not clarified. In our previous study, we have already confirmed that soluble form of CM1 was produced by Raji. Therefore, we performed Q-TOF analysis after immunoprecipitation of concentrated Raji culture supernatant using anti-CM1 mAbs.ResultsAs a result, we found that CM1 is identical to enolase-1(ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme, and we confirmed that results by silencing ENO1 using siRNA. It was also confirmed through competition assay between anti-CM1 and anti-ENO1 mAbs. Finally, we investigated the possible role of CM1 in inflammatory response and cancer. The ligation of CM1 on Raji cells with anti-CM1 mAbs induces the extensive production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2). In addition, the increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 was shown in NCI-N87, stomach cancer cell line by CM1 stimulation.ConclusionCM1 is identical to ENO1 and it might be an important role in the regulation of inflammatory responses.

Folate Receptor-Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Inflammatory Diseases

“…Inflammation is essential for host defense against pathogen invasion; however, uncontrolled or repeated chronic inflammation leads to pathogenic conditions and diseases such as inflammatory diseases and cancers (4546474849). Macrophages are critical immune cells to initiate inflammatory responses (50), and increasing numbers of studies have successfully proven that activated macrophages, which express high levels of FR-β, are found in the inflamed tissues of a variety of inflammatory diseases and are actively involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.…”