Identification of commercial Ganoderma (Lingzhi) species by ITS2 sequences

Liao, Baosheng; Chen, Xiaochen; Han, Jianping; Yang, Dan; Wang, Lili; Jiao, Wenjing; Song, Jingyuan; Chen, Shilin

doi:10.1186/s13020-015-0056-7

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Given the conserved sequences, the ITS region [35] and ITS2 region [36] have been recognized as DNA barcode sequences for species identification. The ITS2 region was identified as the barcode for the delineation of Ganoderma lucidum by Liao et al [37]. However, regarding ITS1, which is also considered as a barcode candidate for fungi [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships Are Revealed by ITS1 Secondary Structure Analysis and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in Ganoderma lucidum

Zhang

Pei

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Ganoderma lucidum is a typical polypore fungus used for traditional Chinese medical purposes. The taxonomic delimitation of Ganoderma lucidum is still debated. In this study, we sequenced seven internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of Ganoderma lucidum strains and annotated the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 differentiated the strains into three geographic groups. Groups 1–3 were originated from Europe, tropical Asia, and eastern Asia, respectively. While ITS2 could only differentiate the strains into two groups in which Group 2 originated from tropical Asia gathered with Groups 1 and 3 originated from Europe and eastern Asia. By determining the secondary structures of the ITS1 sequences, these three groups exhibited similar structures with a conserved central core and differed helices. While compared to Group 2, Groups 1 and 3 of ITS2 sequences shared similar structures with the difference in helix 4. Large-scale evaluation of ITS1 and ITS2 both exhibited that the majority of subgroups in the same group shared the similar structures. Further Weblogo analysis of ITS1 sequences revealed two main variable regions located in helix 2 in which C/T or A/G substitutions frequently occurred and ITS1 exhibited more nucleotide variances compared to ITS2. ITS1 multi-alignment of seven spawn strains and culture tests indicated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site at position 180 correlated with strain antagonism. The HZ, TK and 203 fusion strains of Ganoderma lucidum had a T at position 180, whereas other strains exhibiting antagonism, including DB, RB, JQ, and YS, had a C. Taken together, compared to ITS2 region, ITS1 region could differentiated Ganoderma lucidum into three geographic originations based on phylogenetic analysis and secondary structure prediction. Besides, a SNP in ITS 1 could delineate Ganoderma lucidum strains at the intraspecific level. These findings will be implemented to improve species quality control in the Ganoderma industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships Are Revealed by ITS1 Secondary Structure Analysis and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in Ganoderma lucidum

Zhang

Pei

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Furthermore, in the aim of increasing efficacy, many physicians utilized acupressure (Pressing some acupuncture points), while some physicians performed an individual massage treatment, some other physicians used the acupuncture therapy. In the control group, all the studies used pharmacotherapy; fourteen studies [21, 23, 25, 26, 28–30, 34, 36–38, 42–44] used montmorillonite alone, while other studies used combined therapy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This standard provides a diagnostic basis for acute diarrhoea, that is more stools than usual, some changes in the stool traits, and lasting less than 2 weeks. Seven studies [25, 28, 29, 33, 37, 43, 44] adopt a standard in traditional Chinese medicine [48], while other studies did not report any standards cited in the inclusion criteria. However, their definitions of acute diarrhoea in the inclusion criteria were similar to the standard of Diagnosis and treatment proposal for diarrhoea in China.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). All the studies used randomization, but only seven [22, 30, 35, 38, 40, 44, 45] of these studies reported using an appropriate method of random sequence generation, while three [25, 31, 36] of these studies reported using inappropriate methods. None of the studies described the method for allocation concealment and blinding of the outcome assessment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paediatric massage for treatment of acute diarrhoea in children: a meta-analysis

Gao

Jia

Huang

2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundMassage therapy has been used by many traditional Chinese medicine physicians to treat acute diarrhoea in children. Since no relevant systematic reviews assessed the clinical effectiveness or the risk of massage therapy, in this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of paediatric massage for the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children.MethodsIn this meta-analysis, paediatric patients who were diagnosed with acute diarrhoea were included. Interventions using massage therapy alone or combined with other non-pharmacological approaches were included, while in the control groups, patients received pharmacotherapy. The primary outcome was clinical effective rate. Seven databases were used in our research, and the following search terms were used: (massage OR tui na OR manipulation OR acupressure) AND (infant OR child OR baby OR paediatrics) AND (diarrhoea OR diarrhoea) AND (randomized controlled trial). The search date was up to April 30, 2018.ResultsA total of 26 studies encompassing 2644 patients were included in this meta-analysis. It was shown that paediatric massage was significantly better than pharmacotherapy in treating acute diarrhoea in children in terms of clinical effective rate (n = 2213, RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.27), clinical cure rate (n = 345, RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.57), and cure time (n = 513, MD = − 0.77, 95% CI: -0.89 to − 0.64). However, the quality of evidence for this finding was low due to high risk of bias of the included studies.ConclusionsThe present work supported paediatric massage in treating acute diarrhoea in children. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are still needed to further evaluate the efficacy of paediatric massage.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2324-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region has been proposed as a candidate DNA barcode for medicinal plants Han et al, 2016;Xiang et al, 2015;Yao et al, 2010). At present, the DNA barcoding technique has been successfully used to identify traditional Chinese medicines from adulterants and closely related species (Hu et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2015;Pang et al, 2013;Pang et al, 2011), such as Corni Fructus , Aristolochiaceous herbs (Wu et al, 2015), Ganoderma species (Liao et al, 2015), and Rhodiola species (Xin et al, 2015). Therefore, this study used the ITS2 region to distinguish Fritillariae bulbus from other species and adulterants.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification of Fritillariae bulbus from adulterants using ITS2 regions

et al. 2016

Plant Gene

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Distinguishing the five types of Fritillariae bulbus (Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus, Fritillariae ussuriensis bulbus, Fritillariae pallidiflorae bulbus, Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus and Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus)is difficult because of their similar morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics. These species, which are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, exhibit different therapeutic effects. Therefore, we used internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions as DNA barcode to distinguish the five types of Fritillariae bulbus from each other and their adulterants. A total of 151 samples belonging to five types of Fritillariae bulbus (a total of 11 species of Fritillaria) and two adulterant species were collected. The phylogeny was constructed using the neighbor joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Genomic DNAs were successfully extracted from all bulbus samples and obtaining high-quality ITS2 sequences via polymerase chain reaction optimization. The length of the ITS2 sequence of 12 Fritillaria species ranged from 235 bp to 241 bp, and the average GC content was over 68%. Adulterants Bolbostemma paniculatum and F. maximowiczii could be A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTdistinguished from all Fritillariae bulbus species by using the distance and tree methods. The ML tree showed better topology than the NJ and MP trees. Members of each type of Fritillariae bulbus formed one clade, which was strongly supported with bootstrap values, except for Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus and Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus in the ML tree. Therefore, DNA barcoding technology based on ITS2 regions can be used to distinguish the five types of Fritillariae bulbus from each other and their adulterants except for Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus and Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus.

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Identification of commercial Ganoderma (Lingzhi) species by ITS2 sequences

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Intraspecific Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships Are Revealed by ITS1 Secondary Structure Analysis and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in Ganoderma lucidum

Intraspecific Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships Are Revealed by ITS1 Secondary Structure Analysis and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in Ganoderma lucidum

Paediatric massage for treatment of acute diarrhoea in children: a meta-analysis

Identification of Fritillariae bulbus from adulterants using ITS2 regions

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