“…In response to the Russian and LTCM crises, bond spreads jumped globally, even for otherwise seemingly unconnected countries (Kumar and Persaud, 2001; Committee on the Global Financial System, 1999; J.P. Morgan, 1999;and Bank of England, 2002). The Russian and LTCM crises were reinforcing, and it seems likely that global risk conditions influenced other financial markets, including the equity markets, and exacerbated the conditions facing Brazil (Dungey, Fry, González-Hermosillo, andMartin, 2002, 2003).…”