Identification of complex septic odorants in Huangpu River source water by combining the data from gas chromatography-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using retention indices

Abstract

Identification of the trace odorants causing the septic odors in source waters with complex matrixes has long been a big challenge. The Huangpu (HP) River, an important source water for Shanghai, has long been suffering from septic and musty odors, although major odorants have not been identified. In this study, combining the data from gas chromatography-olfactometry with mass spectrometry (GC-O/MS) and comprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) using retention indices (RIs) was used for the identification of odorants in HP source water. Olfactometry peaks detected in water extracts by GC-O/MS were combined with the chromatography peaks detected by GC × GC-TOFMS based on the RIs determined using the retention times (RTs) of alkanes C7-C30. A total of thirteen olfactometry peaks were obtained though GC-O/MS analysis, and potential odorants corresponding to each of the olfactometry peaks were screened based on the odor characteristics and match similarity using GC × GC-TOFMS. Finally, fourteen odorants (one odorant was detected in GC × GC-TOFMS without an olfactometry peak), including three septic odorants (bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, diethyl disulfide and dimethyl disulfide) and two musty ones (geosmin and 2-MIB), were confirmed by using authentic standards. The septic and musty odorants in six Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v source water samples taken over a period of six months were quantified. Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, with an odor activity value (OAV) of 1.84-3.2, was found to be a major septic odorant in HP source water, followed by diethyl disulfide (OAV 1.56-1.96) and dimethyl disulfide (OAV 0.37-2.42), while geosmin (OAV 4.37-11.44) was the major musty odorant, followed by 2-MIB (OAV 1.13-1.89). This is the first comprehensive study focusing on the identification of odorants in a complex source water. The integrated approach used in this study could be applied for the identification of odorants in other complex source waters suffering similar odor problems.

Source-water odor during winter in the Yellow River area of China: Occurrence and diagnosis

“…This might be attributed to the masking action of the earthy/musty odor by the strong fishy or rancid/swampy ones. Guo et al (2016) also reported similar results in which relatively high intensity septic/swampy odor caused by dimethyl disulfide and diethyl disulfide suppressed the earthy/musty odor caused by 2-MIB and geosmin. Up to now, Cyanobacteria are the only known producers of 2-MIB and geosmin among algae (Watson, 2010).…”

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

“…The Huangpu (HP) River, an important source water for Shanghai, has long been suffering from complicated odor problems, particularly the septic and musty odors (Sun et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2016). In order to completely abate the odor problem, the O 3 -BAC process has recently been adopted for all of the Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) using HP River source water.…”

The Blossoming of Technology for the Analysis of Complex Aroma Bouquets—A Review on Flavour and Odorant Multidimensional and Comprehensive Gas Chromatography Applications

“…Guo et al [134,135] and Rong et al [136], used GC×GC-TOFMS to investigate origins of an unpleasant odour in water from different regions in China. Guo et al [134,135] indicated four thioether compounds and ( bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether) as responsible for swampy/septic odour in the waters from Huangpu and Huai rivers. The authors suggested that 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin are responsible for the musty odour in the first river.…”