Identification of components and metabolites in plasma of type 2 diabetic rat after oral administration of Jiao‐Tai‐Wan using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

Jiao‐Tai‐Wan, which is composed of Coptis Rhizoma and Cinnamon Cortex, has been recently used to treat type 2 diabetes. Owing to lack of data on its prototypes and metabolites, elucidation of the pharmacological and clinically safe levels of this formula has been significantly hindered. To screen more potential bioactive components of Jiao‐Tai‐Wan, we identified its multiple prototypes and metabolites in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 47 compounds were identified in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats, including 22 prototypes and 25 metabolites, with alkaloids constituting the majority of the absorbed prototype components. In addition, this is the first study to detect vanillic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, 2‐hydroxycinnamic acid, 3‐hydroxycinnamic acid, 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and 2‐methoxy cinnamic acid after oral administration of Jiao‐Tai‐Wan. The prototypes from Jiao‐Tai‐Wan were extensively metabolized by demethylation, hydroxylation, and reduction in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions and by methylation or conjugation of glucuronide or sulfate in phase Ⅱ reactions. This is the first systematic study on the components and metabolic profiles of Jiao‐Tai‐Wan in vivo. This study provides a useful chemical basis for further pharmacological research and clinical application of Jiao‐Tai‐Wan.

Rapid qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis of phenolics in Ribes meyeri leaves and their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities by HPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and UHPLC‐MS/MS

“…Recently, dietary factors that effectively enhance insulin sensitivity without any side effects represent a novel approach towards the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in edible plants, which could improve insulin sensitivity, are important for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes [20, 21]. In the current study, a simple method of HPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS was established to identify the phenolic compounds in R. meyeri leaves based on accurate mass and fragmentation analysis.…”

A comprehensive quality evaluation strategy of Shensong Yangxin capsules based on qualitative, fingerprint and quantitative analyses

“…It also produced diagnostic fragment ions at m/z 320.0919 and 292.0973, which may be the fragmented ions generated by the continuous removal of a molecule of CH 4 and CO. Based on the comparison with the reference substance, it is unambiguously inferred that this compound is berberine (Figure 13b). According to the reference standard and existing literature reports (Kun et al, 2017; Li et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2019; Zhu et al, 2022), the structures of the remaining alkaloids could be identified similarly.…”

Identification of the active compounds and their mechanisms of medicinal and edible Heigen based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology

“…These substances may be metabolized to caffeic acid without detecting the prototype (Li et al, 2020), so the active ingredients include other quinic acid compounds identified in the Heigen extract, shown in Table 3.…”

“…UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS is an efficiency and sensitivity technique to detect and identify chemical components or biological sample (Li et al, 2020), it can rapidly identify known metabolites by ccomparing experimental spectral data with databases (Ghane et al, 2022). Network pharmacology is an emerging research approach combined with pharmacology, bioinformatics, and network biology (Lin et al, 2022).…”