Identification of Conserved and Diverse Metabolic Shifts during Rice Grain Development

Abstract

Seed development dedicates to reserve synthesis and accumulation and uncovering its genetic and biochemical mechanisms has been a major research focus. Although proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed dynamic changes of genes and enzymes involved, the information regarding concomitant metabolic changes is missing. Here we investigated the dynamic metabolic changes along the rice grain development of two japonica and two indica cultivars using non-targeted metabolomics approach, in which we successfully identified 214 metabolites. Statistical analyses revealed both cultivar and developmental stage dependent metabolic changes in rice grains. Generally, the stage specific metabolic kinetics corresponded well to the physiological status of the developing grains, and metabolic changes in developing rice grain are similar to those of dicot Arabidopsis and tomato at reserve accumulation stage but are different from those of dicots at seed desiccation stage. The remarkable difference in metabolite abundances between japonica and indica rice grain was observed at the reserve accumulation stage. Metabolite-metabolite correlation analysis uncovered potential new pathways for several metabolites. Taken together, this study uncovered both conserved and diverse development associated metabolic kinetics of rice grains, which facilitates further study to explore fundamental questions regarding the evolution of seed metabolic capabilities as well as their potential applications in crop improvement.

A Connection between Lysine and Serotonin Metabolism in Rice Endosperm

“…For the analyses of transcriptome, transcripts and enzyme activity, the collected samples (Table S1), were prepared using the automated MicroLab STAR® system from Hamilton 561 Company (http://www.hamiltoncompany.com/), and analyzed by GC-MS and 562 UHPLC-MS (positive and negative mode) (Hu et al, 2016). The metabonomic analyses 563 were carried out on the metabolome platform at Shanghai Jiaotong University (Shanghai, 564 China).…”

“…TagFinder software (Hu et al, 2014(Hu et al, , 2016. Briefly, the samples destined for GC/MS 567 analysis were re-dried under vacuum desiccation for a minimum of 24 h prior to 568 derivatization under dried nitrogen using bistrimethyl-silyl-triflouroacetamide (BSTFA).…”

“…Raw data analysis for rice 575 metabolites were conducted as described previously, and metabolic differences within 576 tested samples were determined using Welch's t-test in R packages (Hu et al, 2016).…”

Efeito do déficit hí­drico e CO₂ elevado sobre substâncias fenólicas e ligninas do sorgo var. 'BRS 330'

“…A cromatografia gasosa (CG) e líquida (CL), acopladas à espectrometria de massa (MS), são as principais técnicas usadas (Hu et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2017a). Geralmente, substâncias fenólicas, como fenilpropanoides e flavonoides, são extraídas com solventes polares (álcool ou solução hidroalcoólica) e analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, acoplada à espectrometria de massa em tandem (LC-MS-MS) (Arbona et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2017b .…”

“…No entanto, e concordância com outros estudos sobre arroz Yang et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2016) Embora composta com dados de um número menor de substâncias e levando em conta os distintos tratamentos A e E, a matriz para a análise por PCA gerou um gráfico (Figura II 16) que, em essência, se assemelha às afinidades apontadas pela análise por agrupamento (Figuras II 10). As folhas são os órgãos que mais se destacam dos demais, pedúnculo e colmo estão próximos no mesmo quadrante, enquanto raízes e raízes escoras são praticamente indistinguíveis.…”