Identification of cross-reactive human single-chain variable fragments against phospholipases A2 from Lachesis muta and Bothrops spp venoms

Abstract

Identification of cross-reactive human single-chain variable fragments against phospholipases A 2 from Lachesis muta and Bothrops spp venoms, Toxicon (2020), doi:

Crotalus Durissus Ruruima: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology

“…Campos et al. demonstrated that when snake whole venoms were used as targets in phage display panning rounds, antibodies were primarily selected against PLA 2 proteins ( 180 ). To overcome this difficulty, key toxins that are important to neutralize, but which are not dominant in neither phage display campaigns or immunization schemes, can be carefully isolated or recombinantly expressed to provide more control over the antibody selection or immunization process ( 188 – 190 ).…”

“…However, further into the future, it is not unlikely that recombinant DNA technology and the application of human monoclonal antibodies and/or nanobodies may find their way into the field (176). Indeed, the development of monoclonal antibodies to treat envenomings caused by venomous animals is now being extensively investigated (177)(178)(179)(180)(181), although none have so far been tested in human patients. Here, we will explore only the discoveries regarding experimental crotalid antivenoms.…”

Crotalus Durissus Ruruima: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology

“…Part of the explanation for this may be that PLA 2 s seem to dominate as antigens compared to other venom components. Campos et al demonstrated that when snake whole venoms were used as targets in phage display panning rounds, antibodies were primarily selected against PLA 2 proteins [180]. To overcome this difficulty, key toxins that are important to neutralize, but which are not dominant in neither phage display campaigns or immunization schemes, can be carefully isolated or recombinantly expressed to provide more control over the antibody selection or immunization process [188][189][190].…”

Synthesis, characterization and utilization of a new series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives to neutralize some toxic activities of Bothrops jararaca snake venom

“…The specific official treatment for snakebite envenoming is performed through an intravenous administration of monovalent or polyvalent antivenom, of which the manufacturing procedure has remained practically the same over a hundred years, with no significant changes. However, other procedures have been investigated to improve antivenom therapy, based on antibody technologies (Knudsen et al, 2019;Campos et al, 2020). Antivenom is effective in preventing death of victims, but, by contrast, it has some drawbacks: low capability to inhibit local effects of venoms, low stability in liquid form, thermolability, high cost of production, and in some cases, antivenom may produce fever or anaphylactic reactions (Williams et al, 2019b;Gómez-Betancur et al, 2019).…”

“…Antivenom is effective in preventing death of victims, but, by contrast, it has some drawbacks: low capability to inhibit local effects of venoms, low stability in liquid form, thermolability, high cost of production, and in some cases, antivenom may produce fever or anaphylactic reactions (Williams et al, 2019b;Gómez-Betancur et al, 2019). Thus, the limited efficacy of antivenoms may justify alternative therapies, which include monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, molecules derived from sponges, seaweed, plants or organic synthesis (Williams et al, 2019b;Campos et al, 2020;Ascoët, Ward, 2020;Faioli et al, 2013;da Silva et al, 2017;de Oliveira et al, 2016;Domingos et al, 2013;Pucca et al, 2019). Triazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms, with two isomeric forms (1,2,3-triazole or 1,2,4-triazole).…”