Identification of different manifestations of nonlinear stick–slip phenomena during creep groan braking noise by using the unsupervised learning algorithms k-means and self-organizing map

Psychoacoustic Characteristics of Different Brake Creep Groan Classes and their Subjective Noise Annoyance in Vehicle and Half-Axle Tests

“…Further insights towards the bifurcation behavior and classi cation of different creep groan classes were recently given by Prezelj et al (2022), Smith et al (2021) and Huemer-Kals et al (2022). It was found that several different creep groan classes, with different basic frequency or different frequency contents occur, depending on the test setup.…”

“…3c. Prezelj et al (2022) found the 1st order frequency of LF and TG2/TG3 groan in a typical range of approx. 18-22 Hz.…”

“…Mainly depending on the operating parameters brake pressure p B and vehicle speed v veh , different combinations and interactions of these movements can occur. Vehicle tests by Prezelj et al (2022) have shown four main creep groan classes at a double-wishbone front axle with oating caliper brake, namely: Low-frequency groan (LF), transition groan with 2 (TG2) or with 3 peaks (TG3) per basic repetition cycle, and high-frequency groan (HF). Time signatures of tangential caliper accelerations for each of these creep groan classes can be seen in Fig.…”

“…Vehicle tests were performed on a compact executive car. Details on the procedure can be found within (Prezelj et al 2022). The test car, with double wishbone axle at the front and multi-link rear axle, had oating caliper brakes on all four wheels.…”

“…It was found that several different creep groan classes, with different basic frequency or different frequency contents occur, depending on the test setup. Differences in perception were so far not studied, although suggested by Prezelj et al (2022).…”