Identification of differential pharyngeal cytokine profiles during HIV infection

Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M.; Tsang, P.W.M.; Miller, Craig S.; Li, P.; Lee, M. P.; Samaranayake, LP

doi:10.1186/1753-6561-5-s1-p90

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“…Notably, both innate and adaptive immune molecules are significantly upregulated in the trout PM postinfection. Critically, based on transcriptome sequencing analysis, the upregulated expression of immune-related molecules contains ILs, chemokines, complement factors, antimicrobial peptides, TLR, and Igs known to be crucial in the pharyngeal immune system of mammals (24,57,58). Our results concur with the previous studies in which a large number of immune-related genes were upregulated in nasal mucosa from rainbow trout postinfection with I. multifiliis parasites (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pharyngeal Immunity in Early Vertebrates Provides Functional and Evolutionary Insight into Mucosal Homeostasis

Kong

Dong

et al. 2019

The Journal of Immunology

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The pharyngeal organ is located at the crossroad of the respiratory and digestive tracts in vertebrate, and it is continuously challenged by varying Ags during breathing and feeding. In mammals, the pharyngeal mucosa (PM) is a critical first line of defense. However, the evolutionary origins and ancient roles of immune defense and microbiota homeostasis of PM are still unknown. In this study, to our knowledge, we are the first to find that diffuse MALT is present in PM of rainbow trout, an early vertebrate. Importantly, following parasitic infection, we detect that strong parasite-specific mucosal IgT and dominant proliferation of IgT + B cell immune responses occurs in trout PM, providing, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of local mucosal Ig responses against pathogens in pharyngeal organ of a nonmammal species. Moreover, we show that the trout PM microbiota is prevalently coated with secretory IgT and, to a much lesser degree, by IgM and IgD, suggesting the key role of mucosal Igs in the immune exclusion of teleost pharyngeal bacteria. Overall, to our knowledge, our findings provide the first evidence that pharyngeal mucosal immunity appear earlier than tetrapods.

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