Identification of differentially accumulated proteins involved in regulating independent and combined osmosis and cadmium stress response in Brachypodium seedling roots

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to identify differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) involved in PEG mock osmotic stress, cadmium (Cd2+) stress, and their combined stress responses in Brachypodium distachyon seedling roots. The results showed that combined PEG and Cd2+ stresses had more significant effects on Brachypodium seedling root growth, physiological traits, and ultrastructures when compared with each individual stress. Totally, 106 DAPs were identified that are responsive to individual and combined stresses in roots. These DAPs were mainly involved in energy metabolism, detoxification and stress defense and protein metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed that DAPs from Cd2+ and combined stress treatments were grouped closer than those from osmotic stress treatment, indicating that Cd2+ and combined stresses had more severe influences on the root proteome than osmotic stress alone. Protein–protein interaction analyses highlighted a 14-3-3 centered sub-network that synergistically responded to osmotic and Cd2+ stresses and their combined stresses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of 14 key DAP genes revealed that most genes showed consistency between transcriptional and translational expression patterns. A putative pathway of proteome metabolic changes in Brachypodium seedling roots under different stresses was proposed, which revealed a complicated synergetic responsive network of plant roots to adverse environments.

Proteomic, gene and metabolite characterization reveal the uptake and toxicity mechanisms of cadmium sulfide quantum dots in soybean plants

“…57 Previous studies have reported that Cd exposure perturbs the membrane integrity and stimulate lipoxygenase activities, thereby catalyzing peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the membranes. 16,58 Linoleic and linolenic acids are the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids in plants. Similar to BULK and ION treatments, CdS-QD exposure downregulated a few proteins involved in linoleic acid metabolism in the roots.…”

“…There is limited knowledge on the mechanisms of subcellular transport and toxicity of Cd-based QDs in plants, and the findings from Cd 2+ toxicity studies are not applicable due to unique material properties and dynamic biophysical interactions at the nanoscale. [14][15][16][17] Using gene expression analysis of Cd-tolerant mutant lines and genome-wide transcriptomics, Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes exposed to CdS-QDs exhibited differential regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, anthocyanin production, trichoblast differentiation, root development pathways, photosynthesis, sulfur transport, metal chelation, and phenylpropanoid synthesis. 18 However, the choice of QD surface coating plays a decisive role in the process of adherence, dissolution, biological uptake and interactions at the nano-bio interface.…”

Effects of Independent and Combined Water-Deficit and High-Nitrogen Treatments on Flag Leaf Proteomes during Wheat Grain Development

“…For example, the transcription patterns of TPX under the water-deficit and high-N treatments were highly consistent with its protein expression pattern, but poor consistency was observed between its transcription pattern and protein expression pattern under the combined treatment. The disparities between transcription levels and their corresponding protein levels have been previously reported [45,46]. It may be caused by time-space span between transcription and translation, posttranscriptional modifications, as well as differential mRNA and protein degradation rates [47] Int.…”

Salt and drought stress exhibits oxidative stress and modulated protein patterns in roots and leaves of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

“…The accumulation of sodium and chloride causes plant tissue damage, thus activating oxidative stress (Baghalian et al, 2008). MDA modifies many proteins into the photosynthetic center II (PSII) to stimulate the plant to adapt to environmental stress (Chen et al, 2018). Proteins are significant focuses for radicals and two-electron oxidants in biological systems because of their plenitude and high rate constants for the response (Davies, 2016).…”