Identification of differentially expressed genes in Monochamus alternatus digested with azadirachtin

Abstract

The pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope, a major forest insect pest, is the primary vector of the destructive forest pest pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Azadirachtin, an active compound of neem, is biologically interesting because it represents a group of important, successful botanical pesticides. We provide insight into the molecular effects of azadirachtin on M. alternatus at the transcriptional level to provide clues about possible molecular-level targets and to establish a link between azadirachtin and insect global responses. We found that 920 and 9894 unique genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. We obtained expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), identifying 4247, 3488 and 7613 sequences that involved cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes, respectively, and showed that the DEGs were distributed among 50 Gene Ontology categories. The Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in 50 pathways. Detailed gene profile knowledge of the interaction of azadirachtin with M. alternatus should facilitate the development of more effective azadirachtin-based products against M. alternatus and other target Coleoptera. These results further enhance the value of azadirachtin as a potential insecticide of biological origin, as well as for other biological applications.

Characterization of miRNA and their target gene during chicken embryo skeletal muscle development

“…The most significantly enriched GO terms in biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions for E11_VS_E16, E16_VS_P1 and E11_VS_P1 comparison groups (Figure 8 ). GO is gene functional classification system which offers a dynamic-updated vocabulary to widely describe properties of genes and their products in an organism [ 17 , 18 ]. We performed GO analysis by using differential expressed gene against the GO ( http://www.geneontology.org/ ).…”

Identification of differentially expressed immunity‐related genes in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae parasitized by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

“…Several previous studies have investigated the differential expression of immunity-related genes in M. alternatus in relation to insecticides like imidachloprid and azadirachtin (Lin et al 2015(Lin et al , 2016. However, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate differential expression of immunity-related genes in M. alternatus parasitized by its natural enemy at the transcription level.…”

Azadirachtin induced apoptosis in the prothoracic gland in Bombyx mori and a pronounced Ca2+ release effect in Sf9 cells

“…Calcium is a common second messenger that regulates many processes in cells 29 . In our experiments, insect cells were used because this allows us to measure azadirachtin effects on the calcium channel function in a manner which preserves intracellular modulations of ion channel functions 30 , 31 . We found that azadirachtin could induce an increase of intracellular Ca 2+ release in Sf9 cell.…”