Identification of Differentially-Expressed Genes in Response to Mycosphaerella fijiensis in the Resistant Musa Accession ‘Calcutta-4’ Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization

Abstract

Bananas and plantains are considered an important crop around the world. Banana production is affected by several constraints, of which Black Sigatoka Disease, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, is considered one of the most important diseases in banana plantations. The banana accession ‘Calcutta-4’ has a natural resistance to Black Sigatoka; however, the fruit is not valuable for commercialization. Gene identification and expression studies in ‘Calcutta-4’ might reveal possible gene candidates for resistant to the disease and elucidate mechanisms for resistance. A subtracted cDNA library was generated from leaves after 6, 9 and 12 days inoculated with M. fijiensis conidia on greenhouse banana plants of the accession ‘Calcutta-4’. Bioinformatic analysis revealed 99 good quality sequences. Blast2go analysis revealed that 31% of the sequences could not be categorized and, according to the Biological Process Category, 32 and 28 ESTs are related to general metabolic and cellular processes, respectively; while 10 ESTs response to stimulus. Seven sequences were redundant and one was similar to genes that may be involved in pathogen resistance including the putative disease resistance protein RGA1. Genes encoding zinc finger domains were identified and may play an important role in pathogen resistance by inducing the expression of downstream genes. Expression analysis of four selected genes was performed using RT-qPCR during the early stage of the disease development at 6, 9, 12 and 15 days post inoculation showing a peak of up regulation at 9 or 12 days post inoculation. Three of the four genes showed an up-regulation of expression in ‘Calcutta-4’ when compared to ‘Williams’ after inoculation with M. fijiensis, suggesting a fine regulation of specific gene candidates that may lead to a resistance response. The genes identified in early responses in a plant-pathogen interaction may be relevant for the resistance response of ‘Calcutta-4’ to Black Sigatoka. Genes with different functions may play a role in plant response to the disease. The present study suggests a fine up regulation of these genes that might be needed to perform an incompatible interaction. Further gene functional studies need to be performed to validate their use as candidate resistance genes in susceptible banana cultivars.

Metabolite profiling characterises chemotypes of Musa diploids and triploids at juvenile and pre-flowering growth stages

“…Interestingly, chlorogenic acid and dopamine (a tyrosine derived phenol) were detected in wild M. acuminata with similar levels to wild M. balbisiana , which suggests fundamental resistance mechanism are present in the wild M. acuminata species 44 , 46 . The burmannica accession Calcutta 4 (ITC0249) is well known for its resistance against several biotic stresses and yet the precise resistance mechanism have not been identified 47 , 48 . The metabolite data of Calcutta 4 showed average overall phenolic levels and above average levels of rutin, chlorogenic acid and caffeoyl-malate.…”

Dataset of suppression subtractive hybridization libraries of banana-biostimulant-Pseudocercospora fijiensis molecular interaction

“…The conidia solution (20,000 conidia/ml) was applied directly to the leaves of banana plants by using an airbrush Badger 100 and the different treatments were maintained separated by aluminium-framed box, covered with transparent plastic according to Sánchez Timm et al. [4].…”

Ketahanan Kultivar Pisang Lokal Kalimantan Selatan terhadap Penyakit Bercak Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella sp.)

“…Kultivar pisang tahan memiliki kutikula yang lebih tebal daripada yang rentan (Aliah et al 2015). Pada kultivar pisang tahan seperti Tarati memiliki gen tahan, yaitu gen bsr (Black Sigatoka Resistant) (Orluchukwu dan Ogburia, 2014) yang menyebabkan reaksi hipersensitif segera terjadi setelah infeksi sehingga mampu membatasi aktivitas patogen (Sánchez et al 2016). Hal ini juga berkaitan dengan toksin yang dihasilkan oleh M. fijiensis yang terlibat dalam inisiasi infeksi, maupun dalam reaksi hipersensitif.…”