Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield, Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning<sup>F</sup>

Derkx, Adinda; Orford, Simon; Griffiths, Simon; Foulkes, J.; Hawkesford, Malcolm J.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01144.x

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The current study reveals a significant positive relationship between the onset of leaf senescence and grain number per m 2 in each year regardless of the assessment methods for senescence dynamics (data not shown). It suggests that more grains defined before anthesis require a longer phase of functional photosynthesis, and a similar result has been reported in a staygreen mutant (Derkx et al, 2012). Thus, it seems that delayed leaf senescence is a favorable trait for both grain size and grain number, giving rise to high yield potential.…”

Section: Early Anthesis and Delayed But Fast Leaf Senescence As An Isupporting

confidence: 62%

Early anthesis and delayed but fast leaf senescence contribute to individual grain dry matter and water accumulation in wheat

Xie

Mayes

Sparkes

2016

Field Crops Research

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Abbreviations: chl, chlorophyll; Chl accum , accumulated chlorophyll content; Chl loss , duration of rapid chlorophyll loss; Chl per , duration of chlorophyll persistence; Chl tot , total duration of chlorophyll persistence and loss; o Cd, degree day; GA, green area; GA accum , accumulated green area; GA loss , duration of rapid green area loss; GA per , duration of green area persistence;GA tot , total duration of green area persistence and loss; GF, grain filling; GFR, grain filling rate; H 2 , broad sense heritability; LOD, logarithm of the odds; Max chl, maximum chlorophyll content; Max CLR, maximum chlorophyll loss rate; Max GALR, maximum green area loss rate; MWC, maximum water content of grain; QTL, quantitative trait locus; RIL, recombinant inbred line; TGW, thousand grain weight; t max , the time at maximum grain filling rate; t mwc , the time at maximum water content; WAR, grain water absorption rate; WLR, grain water loss rate. 2 AbstractThe physiological process of how anthesis time and leaf senescence patterns affect individual grain weight of wheat has only been partially elucidated. In this study, a recombinant inbred line mapping population of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Forno') and its relative spelt (Triticum spelta L. 'Oberkulmer'), contrasting for phasic development and leaf senescence kinetics, was used to understand the physiological and genetic relationships among anthesis time, leaf senescence, grain filling processes, and individual grain weight. Phenotypic measurements were taken in the field over two growing seasons. The results showed that earlier anthesis and delayed leaf senescence were associated with larger grains. Furthermore, early anthesis and delayed but fast leaf senescence promoted grain filling rate (but shortened its duration), grain water absorption rate and maximum grain water content, while individual grain dry matter and water accumulation displayed strong relationships with individual grain weight. A total of 118 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in this mapping population, including six QTL for anthesis dates, 24 for flag leaf senescence, 69 for grain filling traits, and 19 for individual grain weight. Frequent QTL coincidences between these traits were observed on chromosomes 2A, 3B, 4A, 4DL, 5A, 5B, 5DL and 7B. Analysis of allelic effects confirmed the above physiological relationships. Therefore, anthesis time and leaf senescence affect individual grain weight at least partly through their effects on individual grain dry matter and water accumulation, resulting from pleiotropy or tight gene linkages. Slightly early anthesis, and delayed but fast leaf senescence, can be used to maximize individual grain weight and yield potential in wheat.

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Section: Early Anthesis and Delayed But Fast Leaf Senescence As An Isupporting

confidence: 62%

Early anthesis and delayed but fast leaf senescence contribute to individual grain dry matter and water accumulation in wheat

Xie

Mayes

Sparkes

2016

Field Crops Research

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“…A functional stay-green trait enables the plant to synthesize and store greater levels of assimilates, which can lead to increased crop yields under certain environments (Richards 2000;Christopher et al 2008;Zhou et al 2011;Derkx et al 2012). Our photosynthesis measurements showed that the GPC-1 mutants maintain photosynthetic activity for longer than the control lines; hence we can classify the GPC-1 mutants as functional stay-green mutants.…”

Section: Stay-green Phenotype and Its Potential Effects On Yield Compmentioning

confidence: 83%

Functional characterization of GPC-1 genes in hexaploid wheat

Avni

Zhao

Pearce

et al. 2013

Planta

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In wheat, monocarpic senescence is a tightly regulated process during which nitrogen (N) and micronutrients stored pre-anthesis are remobilized from vegetative tissues to the developing grains. Recently, a close connection between senescence and remobilization was shown through the map-based cloning of the GPC (Grain Protein Content) gene in wheat. GPC-B1 encodes a NAC transcription factor associated with earlier senescence and increased grain protein, iron and zinc content, and is deleted or non-functional in most commercial wheat varieties. In the current research, we identified 'loss of function' ethyl methane sulphonate mutants for the two GPC-B1 homoeologous genes; GPC-A1 and GPC-D1, in a hexaploid wheat mutant population. The single gpc-a1 and gpc-d1 mutants, the double gpc-1 mutant and control lines were grown under field conditions at four locations and were characterized for senescence, GPC, micronutrients and yield parameters. Our results show a significant delay in senescence in both the gpc-a1 and gpc-d1 single mutants and an even stronger effect in the gpc-1 double mutant in all the environments tested in this study. The accumulation of total N in the developing grains showed a similar increase in the control and gpc-1 plants until 25 days after anthesis (DAA) but at 41 and 60 DAA the control plants had higher Grain N content than the gpc-1 mutants. At maturity, GPC in all mutants was significantly lower than in control plants while grain weight was unaffected. These results demonstrate that theGPC-A1 and GPC-D1 genes have a redundant function and play a major role in the regulation of monocarpic senescence and nutrient remobilization in wheat.

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“…However, Derkx et al . (2010, 2012) found that both fast‐senescing and stay‐green mutants of wheat had higher grain N concentrations than the wild type. This conflicting evidence suggests the involvement of different physiological mechanisms through which increased grain N concentrations may be achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of a NAC transcription factor delays leaf senescence and increases grain nitrogen concentration in wheat

et al. 2015

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Increasing the duration of leaf photosynthesis during grain filling using slow‐senescing functional stay‐green phenotypes is a possible route for increasing grain yields in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, delayed senescence may negatively affect nutrient remobilisation and hence reduce grain protein concentrations and grain quality. A novel NAC1‐type transcription factor (hereafter TaNAC‐S) was identified in wheat, with gene expression located primarily in leaf/sheath tissues, which decreased during post‐anthesis leaf senescence. Expression of TaNAC‐S in the second leaf correlated with delayed senescence in two doubled‐haploid lines of an Avalon × Cadenza population (lines 112 and 181), which were distinct for leaf senescence. Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaNAC‐S resulted in delayed leaf senescence (stay‐green phenotype). Grain yield, aboveground biomass, harvest index and total grain N content were unaffected, but NAC over‐expressing lines had higher grain N concentrations at similar grain yields compared to non‐transgenic controls. These results indicate that TaNAC‐S is a negative regulator of leaf senescence, and that delayed leaf senescence may lead not only to increased grain yields but also to increased grain protein concentrations.

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Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield, Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning^F

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Early anthesis and delayed but fast leaf senescence contribute to individual grain dry matter and water accumulation in wheat

Early anthesis and delayed but fast leaf senescence contribute to individual grain dry matter and water accumulation in wheat

Functional characterization of GPC-1 genes in hexaploid wheat

Overexpression of a NAC transcription factor delays leaf senescence and increases grain nitrogen concentration in wheat

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Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield, Biomass and Nitrogen PartitioningF

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Early anthesis and delayed but fast leaf senescence contribute to individual grain dry matter and water accumulation in wheat

Early anthesis and delayed but fast leaf senescence contribute to individual grain dry matter and water accumulation in wheat

Functional characterization of GPC-1 genes in hexaploid wheat

Overexpression of a NAC transcription factor delays leaf senescence and increases grain nitrogen concentration in wheat

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Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield, Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning^F