Identification of disseminated toxoplasmosis by plasma next‐generation sequencing in a teenager with rapidly progressive multiorgan failure following haploidentical stem cell transplantation

Ramchandar, Nanda; Pong, Alice; Anderson, Eric

doi:10.1002/pbc.28205

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In France and 11 other European countries included in the Euro transplant network, serological screening before transplantation is mandatory 5 . Second, PCR can be used to monitor high‐risk patients regularly to identify cases of Toxoplasma infection as early as possible 8,23,25 . Finally, TMP/SMZ can be used for preventive treatment after HSCT 6,26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 Second, PCR can be used to monitor high‐risk patients regularly to identify cases of Toxoplasma infection as early as possible. 8 , 23 , 25 Finally, TMP/SMZ can be used for preventive treatment after HSCT. 6 , 26 However, at present, routine monitoring of T. gondii infection pre‐ and post‐HSCT has not been implemented in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review

Luo

Shen

Chen

et al. 2021

Pediatric Investigation

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Introduction Toxoplasmosis is a life‐threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, for several reasons, clinicians know little about Toxoplasma infection. Case presentation We report a case of toxoplasmosis that was diagnosed by bone marrow smear and metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) after HSCT in a boy. Additionally, we summarize the characteristics of toxoplasmosis after pediatric HSCT reported in the literature published in PubMed. Conclusion Clinicians should increase their awareness of toxoplasmosis in children after HSCT and implement pre‐transplant screening and post‐transplant monitoring and prevention in future according to the national conditions of our country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii infection in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review

Luo

Shen

Chen

et al. 2021

Pediatric Investigation

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“…Indeed, despite the availability of prophylactic and treatment options, the reactivation of chronic toxoplasmosis still occurs and can become life threatening [4,[46][47][48]. In immunocompromised patients, the reactivation of chronic toxoplasmosis is due to various factors impairing the protective cellular immune response such as HIV infection, immunosuppressive therapies administered in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplant, or chemotherapy against cancer [30,[49][50][51][52][53][54]. In HIV patients, toxoplasmic encephalitis is the predominant manifestation of the disease, while pulmonary or disseminated toxoplasmosis is more characteristic of transplant patients [2,55].…”

Section: Toxoplasmosis In Immunocompromised Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Overview of Toxoplasma gondii-Induced and Associated Diseases

et al. 2021

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a prevalent protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance. It is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a neglected disease in which incidence and symptoms differ between patients and regions. In immunocompetent patients, toxoplasmosis manifests as acute and chronic forms. Acute toxoplasmosis presents as mild or asymptomatic disease that evolves, under the host immune response, into a persistent chronic disease in healthy individuals. Chronic toxoplasmosis establishes as latent tissue cysts in the brain and skeletal muscles. In immunocompromised patients, chronic toxoplasmosis may reactivate, leading to a potentially life-threatening condition. Recently, the association between toxoplasmosis and various diseases has been shown. These span primary neuropathies, behavioral and psychiatric disorders, and different types of cancer. Currently, a direct pre-clinical or clinical molecular connotation between toxoplasmosis and most of its associated diseases remains poorly understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on Toxoplasma-induced and associated diseases with a focus on available knowledge of the molecular players dictating these associations. We will also abridge the existing therapeutic options of toxoplasmosis and highlight the current gaps to explore the implications of toxoplasmosis on its associated diseases to advance treatment modalities.

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“…Toxoplasma gondii infection can be detected indirectly with serological methods and directly by histology and molecular methods [1,13,43]. In immunocompetent individuals, serological methods are appropriate and widely used, whereas in immunocompromised individuals, diagnosis of primary infection and reactivation should be made both by direct detection of the parasites by PCR and by serological methods [26].…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation—disease burden and approaches to diagnosis, prevention and management in adults and children

Rauwolf

Floeth

Kerl

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a rare but highly lethal opportunistic infection after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Successful management depends on screening, early recognition and effective treatment. Objectives: To review the current epidemiology and approaches to diagnosis, prevention and treatment of toxoplasmosis in adult and paediatric allogeneic HCT recipients. Source: Search of the English literature published in MEDLINE up to 30 June 2020 using combinations of broad search terms including toxoplasmosis, transplantation, diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Selection of articles for review and synthesis on the basis of perceived quality and relevance of content. Content: Toxoplasmosis continues to be a major challenge in the management of allogeneic HCT recipients. Here we provide a summary of published case series of toxoplasmosis in adult and paediatric patients post allogeneic HCT. We review and discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and current recommendations for prevention and treatment. We also discuss impacts of toxoplasmosis in this setting and factors affecting outcome, emphasizing attention to neurological, neuropsychological and neurocognitive late effects in survivors. Implications: Apart from careful adherence to established strategies of disease prevention through avoidance of primary infection, identification of seropositive patients and implementation of molecular monitoring, future perspectives to improve the control of toxoplasmosis in allogeneic HCT recipients may include the systematic investigation of pre-emptive treatment, development of immunomodulatory approaches, antimicrobial agents with activity against the cyst form and vaccines to prevent chronic infection.

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Identification of disseminated toxoplasmosis by plasma next‐generation sequencing in a teenager with rapidly progressive multiorgan failure following haploidentical stem cell transplantation

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Toxoplasma gondii infection in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review

Toxoplasma gondii infection in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review

Comprehensive Overview of Toxoplasma gondii-Induced and Associated Diseases

Toxoplasmosis after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation—disease burden and approaches to diagnosis, prevention and management in adults and children

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