Identification of dominant odor chemicals emanating from explosives for use in developing optimal training aid combinations and mimics for canine detection

Harper, Ross J.; Almirall, José R.; Furton, Kenneth G.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.05.019

Cited by 184 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Despite canines' wide potential for detection in many areas, they are most commonly used for explosive detection as a result of the growing threat of terrorism. Canines have been used for explosive detection since World War II as a result of their enhanced mobility and ability to work in different environments, as well as their ability to be quickly trained on target odorants [17,21,22]. The foundation of reliable canine detection utilized the fact that while target materials may be physically contained they will still emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [23].…”

Section: A Non-contact Passive Approach For the Effective Collection mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

Cl¹,

Am²,

Pa³

et al. 2016

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology

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The use of real explosive materials for canine training involves inherent dangers, toxicity risks exposure, and often limited availability of the training material all of which may affect the reliable training of canine teams. For this reason, the development of a training aid suitable for daily operations is beneficial to provide safe and effective explosive detection training that can provide for enhanced detection capabilities. This study presents a non-contact passive approach for the collection of target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from real explosive materials to be used as potential canine training aids. This will also provide the ability for the creation of new training aids based on the rapid evolution of new explosive threats. Experiments were performed based on previously identified explosive signature volatiles such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H), 2,3-dimethyl-dinitrobutane (DMNB), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). Composition 4 (C4) explosive material was used for the static collection of the 2E1H and DMNB, as well as single based smokeless powder for the collection of 2,4-DNT. The samples were collected in a controlled environment and cotton gauze pads were used as the collection material. A time optimization analysis was conducted for all three target volatiles in time intervals of ranging from 0.5 to 120 minutes. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used along with gas chromatographymass spectrometry/electron capture detection (GC-MS/ECD) for extraction and confirmation of target volatiles. The results show that collection of characteristic volatiles are obtained after 15 min of exposing the gauze pad to 2E1H and 30 min was optimal for DMNB and 2-4, DNT. Overall, the results demonstrated the possibility to perform static collection of signature VOCs from real explosive materials onto a gauze pad via a non-contact passive method for its potential use as effective canine training aid.

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Section: A Non-contact Passive Approach For the Effective Collection mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

Cl¹,

Am²,

Pa³

et al. 2016

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology

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show abstract

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However these detectors are expensive to run and maintain, for example a canine for explosives detection costs up to $6,000 to train and a Dept. of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 10 Metal oxide semiconducting gas sensors (MOS sensors) are a low cost and increasingly reliable form of vapour detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of explosive markers using zeolite modified gas sensors

et al. 2013

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Detection of hidden explosive devices is a key priority for security and defence personnel around the globe. Electronic noses, based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), are a promising technology for creating inexpensive, portable and sensitive devices for such a purpose. An array of seven MOS gas sensors was fabricated by screen printing, based on WO 3 and In 2 O 3 inks. The sensors were tested against six gases, including four explosive markers: nitromethane, DMNB (2,3-dimetheyl-2,3-dinitrobutane), 2-ethylhexanol and ammonia. The gases were successfully detected with good sensitivity and selectivity from the array. Sensitivity was improved by overlaying or admixing the oxides with two zeolites, H-ZSM-5 and TS-1, and each showed improved responses to -NO 2 and -OH moieties respectively. Admixtures in particular showed promise, with excellent sensitivity and good stability to humidity. Machine learning techniques were applied to a subset of the data and could accurately classify the gases detected, even when confounding factors were introduced.

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“…Trace detection mainly involves the detection of volatile organic compounds which can serve as a chemical signature for a particular explosive. Current methods of detection include colorimetric tests [6,7], chemiluminescence sensors [8][9][10], canines [11][12][13], ion mobility spectrometry [14,15] and mass spectrometry [16][17][18]. Among these, many have limited range of analytes and are greatly affected by human factors and sampling technique.…”

Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although ion mobility spectrometry and gas chromatography provide great sensitivity in the sub-nanogram detection, these techniques rely on the vapor detection and can be difficult to detect from these explosives that have low vapor pressures. Nevertheless, instruments such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [11,26,72] and ion mobility spectrometry [34] as well as canine detection have shown promising results. Direction of focus on detection of military explosives have been mainly using stand-off detection techniques [73,74], increasing the distance of the explosive device will reduce the exposure and risk of potentially harmful chemicals.…”

Section: Military Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One technique such as Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems (COMPS) uses a thin plastic film to release vapors generated from the solid compounds into the headspace at a fixed rate [11,222]. Another technique by Bonnot et al has been developed specifically for explosives with low vapor pressure, such as 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) [223].…”

Section: Microdrop Generation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Non-Contact Sampling and Detection of Explosives using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves

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Identification of dominant odor chemicals emanating from explosives for use in developing optimal training aid combinations and mimics for canine detection

Cited by 184 publications

References 4 publications

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

Detection of explosive markers using zeolite modified gas sensors

Evaluation of Non-Contact Sampling and Detection of Explosives using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves

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