Identification of Edible Bird’s Nest with Amino Acid and Monosaccharide Analysis

Abstract

This study describes the approach of amino acid and monosaccharide combined with Hotelling T2 range plot to identify edible bird nests (EBN) and non-EBN. Prior to the approach, an analytical method was developed and validated to quantify monosaccharides in EBN. Hotelling T2 range plots of both compounds were successful in predicting the different types of EBN and differentiating EBN and non-EBN. This outcome suggests EBN contains a group of glycoproteins which is not affected by the EBN’s coloration, country of origin, and/or the processing method of the food item. In addition, the glycoproteins were shown to be unique to EBN. EBN were revealed to be rich in protein and essential amino acids as well as contain a wider variety of monosaccharides than most food items. The overall findings suggest that amino acid and monosaccharide provide information not only on the detected compounds and also insights into the glycoproteins of EBN.

Determination of porcine gelatin in edible bird's nest by competitive indirect ELISA based on anti-peptide polyclonal antibody

“…No cross-reactivity was observed for pAb3 in regard of EBN samples. This result justify the study of Chua et al (2015), which the pAb1 and pAb2 may have cross-reacted with the collagen in the correspond type of EBNs. On the other hand, pAb1 and pAb2 exhibited slight cross-reactivity to egg white while pAb3 did not.…”

“…In regard to this availability, it is an advantage if the assays able to cross-react with bovine and fish gelatins. According to Chua, Chan, Bloodworth, Li, and Leong (2015), they purposed that collagen may obtain in EBN, as they found two nonproteinogenic amino acids (4-hydrxyproline and hydroxylsine) in EBN. These amino acids are commonly used as indicators for the existence of collage.…”

Enzyme immunoassay for the detection of porcine gelatine in edible bird’s nests

“…This circumstance was related to the high similarity of the amino acid sequences of collagen from different species (Zhang et al 2009). Because EBNs may also contain collagen (Chua et al 2015), 12 EBN samples were also evaluated. PAB2 and 3 showed no cross-reactivity with the 12 studied EBNs, whereas PAB1 showed a slight cross-reactivity towards the orange, cave and house (H1) nests.…”

Characterization of swiftlet edible bird nest, a mucin glycoprotein, and its adulterants by Raman microspectroscopy

“…The authentication techniques so far can generally be classified under: microscopy (Marcone 2005;Yang et al 2014), chromatography (Chua et al 2015;Hun et al 2016), spectroscopy (Ma and Liu 2012;Marcone 2005), enzymatic and genomic methods (Yang et al 2014;Zhang et al 2013), and qualitative analysis (Marcone 2005). However, most of the techniques are invasive, require tedious sample preparation, slow and generally not easy to use.…”