Identification of Explosives with Two-Dimensional Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Comanescu, G.; Manka, C. K.; Grün, J.; Nikitin, Sergei; Zabetakis, Dan

doi:10.1366/000370208785284268

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…While there are numerous examples of solution phase spectra of explosives in the literature, ECBC is the only DOD lab to quantitatively measure the diffuse reflection spectra and Raman signatures of solid explosive material and one of two labs nationally that we are aware of quantitatively measuring ultraviolet (UV) Raman cross sections. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Of particular note is the work of Sanford Asher at the University of Pittsburgh. His work is very extensive in the area of UV Raman for explosives detection, and over the past three years, his work has covered signatures, spectral profiles, cross sections, and solid solution analysis.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Signatures Of Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for the Spectroscopic Detection of Explosive Threats

et al. 2014

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In 2010, the U.S. Army initiated a program through the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center to identify viable spectroscopic signatures of explosives and initiate environmental persistence, fate, and transport studies for trace residues. These studies were ultimately designed to integrate these signatures into algorithms and experimentally evaluate sensor performance for explosives and precursor materials in existing chemical point and standoff detection systems. Accurate and validated optical cross sections and signatures are critical in benchmarking spectroscopic-based sensors. This program has provided important information for the scientists and engineers currently developing trace-detection solutions to the homemade explosive problem. With this information, the sensitivity of spectroscopic methods for explosives detection can now be quantitatively evaluated before the sensor is deployed and tested.

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Section: Spectroscopic Signatures Of Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for the Spectroscopic Detection of Explosive Threats

et al. 2014

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“…These methods are mainly based on Raman spectroscopy, a spectroscopic technique to study the chemical composition of the samples [12,21]. Combined with other spectroscopic techniques such as Ultraviolet and Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in materials science, biosciences, geosciences (gemology), forensic sciences, nano-technology, and pharmaceutical chemistry [3,4,5,7,13,15,17,23]. For example, the Swept Wavelength Optical Resonant Raman Detector (SWOrRD) at the Naval Research Laboratory developed in 2009 can generate two dimensional spectral maps of biological agents and chemical substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Swept Wavelength Optical Resonant Raman Detector (SWOrRD) at the Naval Research Laboratory developed in 2009 can generate two dimensional spectral maps of biological agents and chemical substances. The resultant two dimensional signatures contain much more information than the single illumination wavelengths, which may result in a greater likelihood of successful identification even in complex mixtures [3,7]. Raman spectroscopy is based on Raman scattering, an inelastic scattering process that shifts the frequencis of the incident photons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sparse semi-blind source identification method and its application to Raman spectroscopy for explosives detection

Sun

Xin

2014

Signal Processing

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Rapid and reliable detection and identification of unknown chemical substances is critical to homeland security. It is challenging to identify chemical components from a wide range of explosives. There are two key steps involved. One is a nondestructive and informative spectroscopic technique for data acquisition. The other is an associated library of reference features along with a computational method for feature matching and meaningful detection within or beyond the library.Recently several experimental techniques based on Raman scattering have been developed to perform standoff detection and identification of explosives, and they prove to be successful under certain idealized conditions. However data analysis is limited to standard least squares method assuming the complete knowledge of the chemical components. In this paper, we develop a new iterative method to identify unknown substances from mixture samples of Raman spectroscopy. In the first step, a constrained least squares method decomposes the data into a sum of linear combination of the known components and a non-negative residual. In the second step, a sparse and convex blind source separation method extracts components geometrically from the residuals. Verification based on the library templates or expert knowledge helps to confirm these components. If necessary, the confirmed meaningful components are fed back into step one to refine the residual and then step two extracts possibly more hidden components. The two steps may be iterated until no more components can be identified. We illustrate the proposed method in processing a set of the so called swept wavelength optical resonant Raman spectroscopy experimental data by a satisfactory blind extraction of a priori unknown chemical explosives from mixture samples.

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“…While the first three advantages apply to Raman scattering in the visible wavelength range as well, the last two advantages are specific to UV probing. Also, compared to visible Raman scattering, UV Raman scattering from explosive compounds is expected to generate signals greater by several orders of magnitude due to the resonance enhancement of the Raman cross section [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff ultraviolet raman scattering detection of trace levels of explosives.

Kulp¹,

Bisson²,

Reichardt³

2011

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Ultraviolet (UV) Raman scattering with a 244-nm laser is evaluated for standoff detection of explosive compounds. The measured Raman scattering albedo is incorporated into a performance model that focused on standoff detection of trace levels of explosives. This model shows that detection at ~100 m would likely require tens of seconds, discouraging application at such ranges, and prohibiting search-mode detection, while leaving open the possibility of short-range pointand-stare detection. UV Raman spectra are also acquired for a number of anticipated background surfaces: tile, concrete, aluminum, cloth, and two different car paints (black and silver). While these spectra contained features in the same spectral range as those for TNT, we do not observe any spectra similar to that of TNT.

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Identification of Explosives with Two-Dimensional Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for the Spectroscopic Detection of Explosive Threats

Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for the Spectroscopic Detection of Explosive Threats

A sparse semi-blind source identification method and its application to Raman spectroscopy for explosives detection

Standoff ultraviolet raman scattering detection of trace levels of explosives.

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