Identification of exposure to environmental chemicals in children and older adults using human biomonitoring data sorted by age: Results from a literature review

Choi, Jong-Woo; Knudsen, Lisbeth E.; Mizrak, Seher; Joas, Anke

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.006

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…However, there is consistent evidence from multiple national HBM programs to show higher body burdens of BPA in children (Choi et al, 2017). Covaci et al (2015) reviewed worldwide data by age groups and observed that urinary levels of BPA tended to be higher in the youngest age category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urinary bisphenol A in children, mothers and fathers from Slovenia: Overall results and determinants of exposure

Tratnik

Kosjek

Heath

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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In the present study, urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels were reported for the first time in the Slovenian general population and were evaluated with regard to dietary and non-dietary exposure sources, and compared according to age, gender and area of residence. First morning urine was collected from children (6-11 years), their mothers (30-52 years) and fathers (30-53 years), living in urban and rural areas of Slovenia. Besides basic questionnaire data on general population characteristics, socio-economic status and dietary habits, BPA-specific data was also collected, including consumption of food and beverages from plastic and canned containers, presence of white dental fillings, the use of specific consumer products and hormonal treatments. Urine samples were analysed for both free and conjugated BPA using GC-MS/MS. The urinary levels of total BPA in children, mothers and fathers were low, with geometric means of 1.51, 0.79, and 0.20 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The levels were comparable with the levels reported for other European countries and were all below the current health-based guidance values. In line with large-scale surveys, the data revealed age-dependant BPA urinary levels, with the highest levels in the youngest age group. In mothers, urinary levels of BPA were determined by hormonal interactions more than dietary sources, while a positive association between urinary BPA and diet was apparent in children (canned food/drink and food from plastic material) and fathers (canned food/drink). The study clearly shows that physiological and behavioural differences account for differences in levels of urinary BPA among study groups, a finding that sets the priorities for future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urinary bisphenol A in children, mothers and fathers from Slovenia: Overall results and determinants of exposure

Tratnik

Kosjek

Heath

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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“…BPA has been shown to be a widespread environmental contaminant and can be found in the serum and urine of both wildlife ( 42 ) and humans ( 43 ). This exposition affects many organs and systems, including reproductive system ( 44 ), nervous system ( 45 ) and thyroid ( 46 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol A increases hydrogen peroxide generation by thyrocytes both in vivo and in vitro

Silva

Xavier

Gonçalves

et al. 2018

Endocrine Connections

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most common monomer in polycarbonate plastics and an endocrine disruptor. Though some effects of BPA on thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis and action have been described, the impact of this compound on thyroid H2O2 generation remains elusive. H2O2 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could have deleterious effect on thyrocytes if in excess. Therefore, herein we aimed at evaluating the effect of BPA exposition both in vivo and in vitro on H2O2 generation in thyrocytes, besides other essential steps for TH synthesis. Female Wistar rats were treated with vehicle (control) or BPA 40 mg/kg BW for 15 days, by gavage. We then evaluated thyroid iodide uptake, mediated by sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), thyroperoxidase (TPO) and dual oxidase (DOUX) activities (H2O2 generation). Hydrogen peroxide generation was increased, while iodide uptake and TPO activity were reduced by BPA exposition. We have also incubated the rat thyroid cell line PCCL3 with 10−9 M BPA and evaluated Nis and Duox mRNA levels, besides H2O2 generation. Similar to that found in vivo, BPA treatment also led to increased H2O2 generation in PCCL3. Nis mRNA levels were reduced and Duox2 mRNA levels were increased in BPA-exposed cells. To evaluate the importance of oxidative stress on BPA-induced Nis reduction, PCCL3 was treated with BPA in association to N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, which reversed the effect of BPA on Nis. Our data suggest that BPA increases ROS production in thyrocytes, what could lead to oxidative damage thus possibly predisposing to thyroid disease.

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“…To date, studies that report partitioning of phthalates among various tissues and organs in an organism, at state-state exposure conditions, are not available. It is worth noting that a few earlier reviews have described biomonitoring of phthalates in humans [60]. Biomonitoring studies that report concentrations of phthalates metabolites are presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Biomonitoring Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures

Wang

Zhu

Kannan

2019

Toxics

535

280

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Phthalates (diesters of phthalic acid) are widely used as plasticizers and additives in many consumer products. Laboratory animal studies have reported the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive effects of phthalates, and human exposure to this class of chemicals is a concern. Several phthalates have been recognized as substances of high concern. Human exposure to phthalates occurs mainly via dietary sources, dermal absorption, and air inhalation. Phthalates are excreted as conjugated monoesters in urine, and some phthalates, such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), undergo secondary metabolism, including oxidative transformation, prior to urinary excretion. The occurrence of phthalates and their metabolites in urine, serum, breast milk, and semen has been widely reported. Urine has been the preferred matrix in human biomonitoring studies, and concentrations on the order of several tens to hundreds of nanograms per milliliter have been reported for several phthalate metabolites. Metabolites of diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl- (DBP) and diisobutyl- (DiBP) phthalates, and DEHP were the most abundant compounds measured in urine. Temporal trends in phthalate exposures varied among countries. In the United States (US), DEHP exposure has declined since 2005, whereas DiNP exposure has increased. In China, DEHP exposure has increased since 2000. For many phthalates, exposures in children are higher than those in adults. Human epidemiological studies have shown a significant association between phthalate exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in women and men, type II diabetes and insulin resistance, overweight/obesity, allergy, and asthma. This review compiles biomonitoring studies of phthalates and exposure doses to assess health risks from phthalate exposures in populations across the globe.

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Identification of exposure to environmental chemicals in children and older adults using human biomonitoring data sorted by age: Results from a literature review

Cited by 59 publications

References 73 publications

Urinary bisphenol A in children, mothers and fathers from Slovenia: Overall results and determinants of exposure

Urinary bisphenol A in children, mothers and fathers from Slovenia: Overall results and determinants of exposure

Bisphenol A increases hydrogen peroxide generation by thyrocytes both in vivo and in vitro

A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures

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