Identification of fenthion and temephos and their transformation products in water by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection

Antiandrogenic activity and metabolism of the organophosphorus pesticide fenthion and related compounds.

“…The antiandrogenic activity shown by the reporter assay in NIH3T3 cells is supported by the result of this in vivo assay. It is known that fenthion is accumulated in the environment (Fukushima 1991;Lacorte et al 1997;Pereira and Hostettler 1993). Fenthion and its metabolites were detected in rice and olive oil at concentrations of about 10 and 1 ppm, respectively (Cabras et al 1993;Fukuda et al 1962).…”

“…Further, fenthion in combination with other pesticides may exhibit antiandrogenic activity. Lacorte et al (1997) reported that fenthion was oxidized to the sulfoxide in the environment. This conversion would contribute to the inactivation of fenthion in terms of antiandrogenic action.…”

“…However, toxic effects such as ultrastructural change in testes of gobiid fish, reduction in larval production in sand fiddler crabs, chronic toxicity in hens, acute toxicity in birds, reptiles, and fish, and decreases in muscarinic receptor function in rat retina have been reported (Mullie et al 1999;Schoor et al 2000;Tandon et al 1994;Tuler and Bowen 1999;Zutshi and Murthy 2001). Furthermore, it has been reported that fenthion and its oxidation products, fenthion sulfoxide and fenthion oxon, contaminate olives, mosquitos, fish, and the environment (Cavanna and Molinari 1998;Fukushima 1991;Kitamura et al 2000;Lacorte et al 1997;Meyer et al 1998;Peiris and Hemingway 1996;Pereira and Hostettler 1993;Prasad et al 1997;Tsuda et al 1996). The relationship between the toxicity and metabolism of fenthion has been examined in human neuroblastoma cell lines, birds, and fish, and either an increase or a decrease in toxicity as a result of metabolism was found (Cova et al 1995;Kitamura et al 2000;Roux et al 1995).…”

Toxic Effects of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Fenthion on Growth and Chlorophyll Production Activity of Unicellular Marine Microalgae Tetraselmis suecica: Comparison between Observed and Predicted Endpoint Toxicity Data

“…On the basis of the limited information received from the Mediterranean countries, fenthion was one of the important compounds used during the 1980s and 1990s among other organophosphorus pesticides [3]. According to data provided by the Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Food, it appears that the quantities of fenthion that were used for agricultural purposes during the years 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1989 Although fenthion was developed as a safe pesticide because it is not easily converted to the possibly highly toxic oxon derivative (fenthion oxon) in mammalian species, however according to relative literature, many of its metabolites were detected in various plants, animals, and environmental matrices [4][5][6][7]. Kitamura et al demonstrated that the in vivo metabolism of fenthion in fish leads to the formation of two metabolites, fenthion sulfoxide and fenthion oxon [4], while other studies proved that fenthion and its oxidation products were accumulated in fish [5].…”

“…Oxidation products of fenthion, including fenthion oxon, were also detected in house mosquitoes exposed to fenthion [6]. It has also been reported that fenthion was converted to fenthion oxon in the aqueous environmental bodies [7]. On the contrary, the toxicity and the metabolism of this organophosphorus insecticide have not been extensively studied in aquatic microspecies, such as microalgae.…”