Identification of Fluorescent Brighteners as Another Emerging Class of Abundant, Ubiquitous Pollutants in the Indoor Environment

Chen, Hui; Han, Xu; Zhu, Chunyou; Du, Bibai; Tan, Lei; He, Rong; Shen, Mingjie; Liu, Liang‐Ying; Zeng, Lixi

doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c03082

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…28 Two very recent studies from the Zeng group reported the occurrence of CBS in indoor dust and sludge collected from China. 62,63 The detected concentrations of CBS in our study were comparable to the results from the Zeng et al studies (dust: 0.0590−4.04 μg/g; sludge: 0.0130−8.35 μg/g). 62,63 These results demonstrated its ubiquitous presence in the environment.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…62,63 The detected concentrations of CBS in our study were comparable to the results from the Zeng et al studies (dust: 0.0590−4.04 μg/g; sludge: 0.0130−8.35 μg/g). 62,63 These results demonstrated its ubiquitous presence in the environment.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The concentrations of CBS were about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than those of PFOS in the same samples but ∼10 times lower than those of hydrocarbon surfactants . Two very recent studies from the Zeng group reported the occurrence of CBS in indoor dust and sludge collected from China. , The detected concentrations of CBS in our study were comparable to the results from the Zeng et al studies (dust: 0.0590–4.04 μg/g; sludge: 0.0130–8.35 μg/g). , These results demonstrated its ubiquitous presence in the environment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Identification of Hydrocarbon Sulfonates as Previously Overlooked Transthyretin Ligands in the Environment

Gong,

Sun,

Wang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Incidences of thyroid disease, which has long been hypothesized to be partially caused by exposure to thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals (TDCs), have rapidly increased in recent years. However, known TDCs can only explain a small portion (∼1%) of in vitro human transthyretin (hTTR) binding activities in environmental samples, indicating the existence of unknown hTTR ligands. In this study, we aimed to identify the major environmental hTTR ligands by employing protein A ffinity P urification with N ontargeted A nalysis (APNA). hTTR binding activities were detected in all 11 indoor dust and 9 out of 10 sewage sludge samples by the FITC-T4 displacement assay. By using APNA, 31 putative hTTR ligands were detected including perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Two of the most abundant ligands were identified as hydrocarbon surfactants (e.g., dodecyl benzenesulfonate). Moreover, another abundant ligand was surprisingly identified as a disulfonate fluorescent brightener, 4,4′-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl sodium (CBS). CBS was validated as a nM-affinity hTTR ligand with an IC50 of 345 nM. In total, hydrocarbon surfactants and fluorescent brighteners explain 1.92–17.0 and 5.74–54.3% of hTTR binding activities in dust and sludge samples, respectively, whereas PFOS only contributed <0.0001%. Our study revealed for the first time that hydrocarbon sulfonates are previously overlooked hTTR ligands in the environment.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Identification of Hydrocarbon Sulfonates as Previously Overlooked Transthyretin Ligands in the Environment

Gong,

Sun,

Wang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…This last type of chemical is quite unknown by the general public despite permanent exposure to direct contact with these materials. OBs are frequently detected in wastewater, both domestic and industrial, with few reports on toxicological effects in biota, aggravated by their lack of biodegradability and capacity to bioaccumulate, becoming a global environmental problem [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Three Optical Brighteners: Potential Pharmacological Targets and Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans

Castro-Sierra,

Duran-Izquierdo,

Sierra-Marquez

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Optical brighteners (OBs) have become an integral part of our daily lives and culture, with a growing number of applications in various fields. Most industrially produced OBs are derived from stilbene, which has been found in environmental matrices. The main objectives for this work are as follows: first, to identify protein targets for DAST, FB-28, and FB-71, and second, to assess their effects in some behaviors physiologic of Caenorhabditis elegans. To achieve the first objective, each OB was tested against a total of 844 human proteins through molecular docking using AutoDock Vina, and affinities were employed as the main criteria to identify potential target proteins for the OB. Molecular dynamics simulations took and validated the best 25 docking results from two protein databases. The highest affinity was obtained for the Hsp70-1/DAST, CD40 ligand/FB-71, and CD40 ligand/FB-28 complexes. The possible toxic effects that OBs could cause were evaluated using the nematode C. elegans. The lethality, body length, locomotion, and reproduction were investigated in larval stage L1 or L4 of the wild-type strain N2. In addition, transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP) strains were employed to estimate changes in relative gene expression. The effects on the inhibition of growth, locomotion, and reproduction of C. elegans nematodes exposed to DAST, FB-71, and FB-28 OBs were more noticeable with respect to lethality. Moreover, an interesting aspect in OB was increased the expression of gpx-4 and sod-4 genes associated with oxidative stress indicating a toxic response related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In all cases, a clear concentration-response relationship was observed. It is of special attention that the use of OBs is increasing, and their different sources, such as detergents, textiles, plastics, and paper products, must also be investigated to characterize the primary emissions of OBs to the environment and to develop an adequate regulatory framework.

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“…Nowadays, conventional and emerging pollutants were continuously released into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems owing to the growing intensification of anthropological activities (Chen et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2022). Nanomaterials, as the new widespread-used technologies, have been involved in various industrial and agricultural applications (Lalau et al, 2020;Makama et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of progressively cumulative exposure of AgNPs on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and implication for eco-toxicological risk assessment

et al. 2023

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Identification of Fluorescent Brighteners as Another Emerging Class of Abundant, Ubiquitous Pollutants in the Indoor Environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Identification of Hydrocarbon Sulfonates as Previously Overlooked Transthyretin Ligands in the Environment

Identification of Hydrocarbon Sulfonates as Previously Overlooked Transthyretin Ligands in the Environment

Toxicity of Three Optical Brighteners: Potential Pharmacological Targets and Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans

Impact of progressively cumulative exposure of AgNPs on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and implication for eco-toxicological risk assessment

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