Identification of four detrimental chemicals using square-core photonic crystal fiber in the regime of THz

Abstract

Numerous techniques and technologies have been proposed for the detection and identification of hazardous chemicals that can harm the lungs and respiratory system as well as the central nervous system and kidneys when inhaled. Most practical techniques can be carried out by extraordinary professionals in well-equipped facilities. A reliable, simple, highly sensitive, and feasible sensing technique is still required. A potential sensor for these harmful chemicals is the photonic crystal fiber (PCF), which achieves several unique properties. A square-core PCF sensor is proposed in this work for the detection of detrimental gases (tetra-chloro silane, tetra-chloro methane, turpentine, and tin terra-chloride) in the THz region. The cladding region is divided into three rings, and each ring has rectangular and square air holes. Within the operating region, we have found a relatively high sensitivity of 96.185% along with 95.407% core power fraction, 0.2211 numerical aperture, and a low effective area of 154 470 μm2 at 1.9 THz frequency. Ignorable confinement loss of 3.071 × 10−14 cm−1 and effective material loss of 0.007 72 cm−1 have been also found. Additionally, the current manufacturing techniques guarantee the viability of the proposed PCF sensor’s manufacture. These obtained results demonstrate that the proposed sensor can be effectively employed for applications involving hazardous chemical compounds, gases, and biosensing.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Novel Hollow Core-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Edible Oil Sensing in the Terahertz (THz) Regime

“…Despite this, major issues such as dispersion, isolation, and transmitterreceiver alignment occurred when transmitting THz signals over long distances [18]. Several waveguides, such as parallel plate waveguides, metal waveguides, hollow-core waveguides, and PCFs, have been proposed to provide effective signal transmission throughout this spectral range [19][20][21]. THz PCF waveguide has higher transmission qualities than other waveguides because it absorbs less energy [22,23].…”

“…The study highlights the potential of these sensors in industrial and medical applications for efficient and flexible detection of highly toxic substances, demonstrating the feasibility of fabrication with existing technologies. [19] In this study, we propose a straightforward PCF oil-sensor model to overcome manufacturing difficulties and enhance relative sensitivity with minimal effective material loss. To find the appropriate design parameters that enable higher sensing qualities, we varied the strut size and simulation frequencies.…”

Design and Performance Analysis of a Novel Hollow Core-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Edible Oil Sensing in the Terahertz (THz) Regime

“…Despite this, major issues such as dispersion, isolation, and transmitterreceiver alignment occurred when transmitting THz signals over long distances [18]. Several waveguides, such as parallel plate waveguides, metal waveguides, hollow-core waveguides, and PCFs, have been proposed to provide effective signal transmission throughout this spectral range [19][20][21]. THz PCF waveguide has higher transmission qualities than other waveguides because it absorbs less energy [22,23].…”