Identification of Genes for Wheat Fungal Resistance Using Bioinformatics Techniques

Abstract

For the majority of world populations, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) would be the first essential and economic cereal grain crop. Pests and pathogens in both rich and developing countries are constantly threatening wheat production and sustainable development. Multiple gene pathways were recorded to share an association with fungal pathogens with wheat biological resistance. Our aim to use such tools in order to detect and classify fungal resistance genes in wheat through sequence alignment, protein domain identification and phylogenetic analysis. In addition the introduction for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for such genes in the new primer database. Approximately 138 sequences of DNA were recovered from the wheat genome by aligning 3845 anti-fungal amino acids through tblastn tool. The NCBI blastn online tool used to detect sequences with functional genes, where 92 genes have been detected. The total number of nucleotides was 48385, where the smallest DNA sequence have 302 bp and the longest contains 977 bp with an average length of 525.9 bp per sequence. The wheat chromosomes 3D, and 4B have the highest number of sequences (9) followed by chromosomes 3B (7) and 3A(6), where wheat genomes A, B and D have 30, 35 and 27 genes, respectively. Five different amino acids motifs have been revealed among studied wheat amino acid sequences. The gene annotation tools used to infer studied amino acid gene annotation. Amino acid sequences belongs to lectin, kinase, tyrosine-protein kinase (STK), thaumatin, and cysteine-rich repeats representing 2, 9, 8, 19, 23 genes respectively, in addition to 31 hypothetical genes. The proteins chemical content have been assessed through 16 different amino acid chemical and physical characteristics.

Genome-wide identification and comprehensive study of anti-fungal genes in chickpea

“…The total amino acid MW was 765.4, ranging from 16.0 KDa (Ca AF17) to 97.7 KDa (Ca AF9) with an average of 33.3 KDa (Figure 2 and Table 2). By studying anti-fungal proteins in wheat total MW 1913 KDa with an average of 20 KDa (10). The amino acids charge ranges from -25 to (Ca_AF13) to 14 (Ca_AF9) (Figure 2 and Table 2).…”

“…The A280-MECr and A280-MECcb total values are 836030, 864530 M-1cm-1, ranging from 10430 and 11555 M-1cm-1 (Ca AF11) to 87560 and 90560 M-1cm-1 (Ca AF9), respectively (Figure 2 and Table 2). In some anti-fungal wheat proteins, the A280-MECc and A280-MECr minimum scores were recorded as 1740 and 1490, with the highest scores being 104570 and 103820 respectively (10). Improbability of expression in inclusion bodies (IEEB) is a type of solubility measurement.…”

“…The total IEEB of chickpea anti-fungal protein was 18.33 ranging from 0 (Ca_AF11) to 0.972 (Ca_AF16) with a mean of 0.797 (Figure 2 and Table 2). The IEIB of anti-fungal amino acids revealed an average of 0.794 by examining wheat anti-fungal proteins, ranging from 0.504 to 0.977 (10). The average collective weight as per their length for all amino acid sequences is measure though The average residue weight (ARW).…”

“…The total ARW was 2478.4 Da, where Ca AF13 and Ca AF14 have the minimum and maximum values of 101.8 Da and 116.7 Da, with an average of 107.7 Da, respectively. The IEIB of anti-fungal amino acids revealed an average of 0.794, ranging from 0.504 to 0.977, through examining wheat anti-fungal proteins (10). The isoelectric point (IP) is the pH level with which the net charge of the protein is positive, and is correlated with amino acid composition and protein structure (26).…”

“…In addition, bioinformatics methods have been accelerated over the last few years and several genomic and molecular databases have been established (9). Such repositories could be used as a central stone in the quest for anti-fungal resistance in different plant species and in the analysis of their specific and special molecular structure (10,11). Such bioinformatics tools have been used to study several gene families in chickpea, these families are considerably important in the plant defense system and essential membrane proteins (12,13).…”