Identification of genes in cassava that are differentially expressed during infection with <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>manihotis</i>

Santaella, Marcella; Suárez, Edna; López, Camilo; González, Carolina; Mosquera, Gloria; Restrepo, Silvia; Tohmé, Joe; Badillo, Alfredo; Verdier, Valérie

doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00254.x

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The use of cDNA-AFLP has been described as an extremely efficient, reproducible and sensitive method for isolation of differentially expressed genes (Bachem et al, 1996;Cooper, 2001). cDNA-AFLP was used to identify cassava genes expressed during infection with Xam by comparing the differential gene expression of a compatible (susceptible plant) and incompatible (resistant plant) reaction over time (Santaella et al, 2004). Transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were selected when their expression was up-regulated during the bacterial infection in the resistant variety.…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysis By Transcript Profiling and Ests Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the characterization of molecular determinants in the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis–cassava interaction

et al. 2004

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Cassava bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is a widespread disease that affects cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Studies on the pathogen population structure, pathogen diagnosis, identification and expression of plant genes involved in resistance have been carried out. Different molecular techniques were developed to assess the genetic diversity among the Xampopulations. Characterization of Xam population dynamics over time had enable us to determine the different factors that are associated with resistance breakdown and those that influence the genetic structure or virulence phenotypes of the pathogen's population. Methods for detecting the pathogen in vegetative planting materials and true seeds were developed and contributed to reduce the impact of the disease. To better understand the genetics of resistance a quantitative trait loci (QTLs) approach was developed. Using a PCR-based strategy with degenerate primers we isolated two resistance gene candidates in cassava. We also characterized a region of a chromosome rich in R-gene like sequence. In this review we also report the main results obtained by transcript profiling methodologies, cDNA-AFLP and ESTs developed by the authors to characterize the genes involved in disease resistance. All together these techniques allowed the identification of molecular markers either associated to CBB resistance or that may represent putative genes involved in disease resistance. This article reviews current knowledge on the molecular cassava-Xam interactions.

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Section: Gene Expression Analysis By Transcript Profiling and Ests Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the characterization of molecular determinants in the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis–cassava interaction

et al. 2004

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“…Genomic approaches demonstrated the induction of a high number of defence related genes in challenged cassava cell cultures with 26% of genes encoding for PR-or stress related proteins or in inoculated cassava plants with 13% of analysed transcript-derived fragments showing similarity to plant defence proteins (Santaella et al, 2004). Among biochemical mechanisms, the oxidative burst, phenylpropanoids, phenylalanin ammonia lyase and peroxidases were suggested to be involved in the resistance reaction of cassava (Beeching et al, 1998, Gomez-Vasquez et al, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Waxes of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Relation to Ecozone and Resistance to Xanthomonas Blight

et al. 2006

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To elucidate the role of leaf surface structures as first barriers to confer resistance to bacterial blight, leaf stomata and their occlusion with leaf waxes were studied in cassava genotypes. For the first time, cassava leaf waxes were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Comparing the susceptible and resistant standard genotypes BEN86052 and TMS30572, respectively, the total quantity of triterpenes was significantly higher in the resistant genotype, grown in three ecozones of Benin. In cuticular leaf waxes of seven cassava genotypes the triterpenes beta amyrins, epi-taraxerol, taraxerone and taraxerol were dominant constituents across genotypes, and alkanes (C 25 -C 33 ) and acids (C 30 and C 32 ) occurred in minor concentrations. Comparing seven genotypes, no clear relation between resistance or ecozones and total quantities of the major wax constituents was observed. Only the highly resistant genotype TMS30572 showed high triterpene levels irrespective of ecozone. Scanning electron-microscopy revealed a regular distribution of waxes at the abaxial leaf surface, covering and occluding stomatal pores of susceptible and resistant genotypes, while on the adaxial leaf surface waxes were in form of crystalloids and did not occlude the stomata. The number of stomata on the abaxial surfaces was about 7-11 fold higher than on the adaxial surfaces, where stomata were located along the midrib and major veins. No significant differences in stomata number were observed between genotypes varying in resistance to bacterial blight. It is suggested, that stomata on the adaxial surface might be portals of entry for the bacteria.

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“…Genomic approaches demonstrated the induction of a high number of defence related genes in challenged cassava cell cultures with 26% of genes encoding for PR-or stress related proteins [101] or in inoculated cassava plants with 13% of analyzed transcript-derived fragments showing similarity to plant defense proteins [102]. Among biochemical mechanisms, the oxidative burst, phenylpropanoids, phenylalanin ammonia lyase and peroxidases were suggested to be involved in the resistance reaction of cassava [103,104].…”

Section: Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava Bacterial Blight: A Devastating Disease of Cassava

Fanou¹,

Zinsou²,

KerstinWydra³

2018

Cassava

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with its long life cycle is affected by several diseases of which cassava bacterial blight (CBB) is the major bacterial disease in the cassava belt worldwide. The epidemiological and ecological investigations undertaken on the disease showed that the causal agent, the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), possesses several means for survival and dissemination that may play an important role as inoculum sources for the infection when favorable conditions occur, and the subsequent damage of the plant causing severe yield losses. In fact, Xam survives epiphytically on some weeds occurring in and around cassava fields without developing blight symptoms. Investigating the survival period over the seasons, a longer survival exceeding 5 months has been observed in non-decayed cassava debris. Also, some insects in cassava field like the variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) vehicles the pathogen for some time. Over seasons Xam also survives often latently, in cassava stems which are then used for establishing new plantations. In regional disease surveys across ecozones in West Africa, no zone of preference has been found. Though, comparing the development of the disease and the damages caused in yield loss trials in two agro-eco-zones over 2 years, CBB was more pronounced and caused higher yield and biomass losses in the forest savannah transition zone than in the dry savannah where symptom development was positively correlated with the rainfall patterns. The detailed knowledge of the epidemiology, disease development, survival and dissemination, of the reaction of cassava varieties towards CBB such as physiological resistance mechanisms, identification of genetic resistance (QTL) and the background of observed field resistance as well as of the influence of planting time and cropping pattern allows to recommend integrated management measures such as sanitation, intercropping, removal of diseased leaves, management of planting dates according to ecozone, soil amendments, use of resistant genotypes.

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Identification of genes in cassava that are differentially expressed during infection with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Recent progress in the characterization of molecular determinants in the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis–cassava interaction

Recent progress in the characterization of molecular determinants in the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis–cassava interaction

Leaf Waxes of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Relation to Ecozone and Resistance to Xanthomonas Blight

Cassava Bacterial Blight: A Devastating Disease of Cassava

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