Identification of Genes Involved in Resistance to High Exogenous 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Spodoptera litura

Abstract

To prevent their ingestion by phytophagous insects, plants produce secondary metabolites as defensive weapons. Conversely, insects need to counter these metabolites to survive. Different species, though they are closely related, can evolve distinct strategies to resist plant-derived factors. However, the mechanism under this high divergence resistance is still unclear at a molecular level. In this study, we focus on how Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) detoxifies phytoecdysteroids, a class of metabolites capable of disrupting the normal development of insects. Firstly, we find that the S. litura show resistance to artificial foods containing a high level of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the major form of phytoecdysteroids, without any adverse effects on growth and development. Furthermore, a comparative transcriptomic analysis between S. litura and another noctuid insect (Helicoverpa armigera) was performed. Almost all known ecdysteroid degradation pathways including 3-epimerization, 22-phosphorylation, 22-esterification, and 26-hydroxylation were upregulated in the midgut of 20E treated S. litura larvae, whereas only 22-esterification and 26-hydroxylation were enhanced in H. armigera larvae. In summary, though both species belong to the Noctuidae family, they evolved two different strategies to tolerate a high dosage of ingested 20E.

Molecular characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP18A1 in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata

“…Insects such as Bradysia impatiens and Popillia japonica avoid to feeding the diets containing a high content of 20E (Jurenka et al, 2017; Schmelz et al, 2002). Animals have been found to employ various mechanisms to inactivate steroids (Guittard et al, 2011), primarily through hydroxylation and conjugation reactions, including 3‐epimerization, 22‐phosphorylation, 22‐esterification, and 26‐hydroxylation (Dai et al, 2022; Duan et al, 2020). The conversion of 20E to 3‐dehydroecdysone is catalyzed by ecdysteroid oxidase (Sun et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2018).…”