Identification of geospatial variability of fluoride contamination in ground water of Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Abstract:Groundwater is one of the major sources of water in arid and semi-arid regions. Groundwater quality data and its spatial distribution are important for the purpose of planning and management. Geo-statistical methods are one of the most advanced techniques for interpolation of groundwater quality. In this study, kriging methods were used for predicting the spatial distribution of fluoride content in groundwater. Data were collected from 13 wells in Mathura district (Uttar Pradesh, India). After normalization of data, semivariogram was drawn, for selecting suitable model for fitness on experimental semivariogram, less residual sum of squares (RSS) value was used. Then fluoride endemic areas of the Mathura District (study area) were identified from developed semivariogram model and Geospatial variability (high and low fluoride containing areas) map was generated with the help of Geographic Information System. In the analysis, spatial distribution characteristics and variation of fluoride concentration in shallow groundwater found to be 3.4 and 4.6 mg/l at Sahar, Shahpur were higher than the standard limits (1.5 mg/l) of drinking water and shows remarkable spatial variability.

Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater of peninsular Indian region using multivariate statistical techniques

“…It is controlled by carbon-dioxide, carbonate and bicarbonate equilibrium. The combination of CO 2 with water form carbonic acid affects the pH of the water (Rawat et al 2012(Rawat et al , 2013. If the pH is not within the prescribed limits, it damages mucous membrane present in eyes, nose, mouth, abdomen, anus, etc.…”

“…EC in water is due to ionization of dissolved inorganic solids. EC is a measure of water capacity to convey electric current (Rawat et al 2012(Rawat et al , 2013. It is used to estimate the amount of dissolved solids.…”

“…Total hardness is very important parameter in decreasing the toxic effect of poisonous element and important criterion in determining the suitability of water samples for domestic and industrial purposes as it involved in making the water hard (Rawat et al 2012(Rawat et al , 2013Laluraj and Gopinath 2006;Gautam et al 2015;Thakur et al 2013;Thakur et al 2015). Hardness of the water results from the presence of divalent metallic cations of which calcium and magnesium are the most abundant in groundwater.…”

Geostatistical study of the spatial variability of groundwater parameters in Afikpo and Ohaozara, Southeastern Nigeria

“…Both parameters followed a log-normal distribution and demonstrated a moderate spatial dependence according to the nugget ratio. Other similar studies have shown that geostatistical approach is a suitable method for estimation of aquifer hydraulic properties (Doctor and Nelson, 1981;Sophocleous et al, 1982;Nunes et al, 2004a;Arslan, 2012Arslan, , 2013Rawat et al, 2012;Varouchakis et al, 2012;Delbari, 2013). Thus, to achieve the purpose of this study, the core objectives consists of variographic analysis of the spatial variability of groundwater parameters H and WTD, the generation of maps of kriged estimates of logH and log(WTD), and back transforms of logH and log(WTD) to H and WTD to assess the H and WTD fields.…”

Water Quality Monitoring of Yamuna River by Using GIS Based Water Quality Index in Delhi, India

“…It is the best linear unbiased estimator spatial distribution analysis; it is also recommended by environmental protection agency that kriging would be more accurate option for water quality studies (Gundogdu et al, 2007, Uyan et al, 2010. Kriging is an advance method of geospatial procedure for interpolation which generates an estimated surface from the distance and direction between sample points which reflects spatial correlation (Rawat et al, 2012). This method becomes appropriate where there is know there is a spatially correlated distance or directional prejudice in the data like with down flowing of the river makes it dirtier.…”