Identification of group-common linear epitopes in structural and nonstructural proteins of enteroviruses by using synthetic peptides

Abstract

Synthetic peptides were employed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to identify group-common linear epitopes in the structural and nonstructural proteins of enteroviruses. Nine linear epitopes were recognized by using sera from patients with heterotypic immunoglobulin G antibody responses to enterovirus infections. The most-reactive peptides were derived from conserved regions of the amino-terminal part of VP1, whereas peptides representing sequences from other conserved regions ofVP1, as well as VP2, VP3, and VP4, and from a nonstructural region showed no or poor reactivity. These findings may be useful in the development of * Corresponding author.

Coxsackievirus B1-based antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA with broad specificity for enteroviruses

“…However, the clinical symptoms of these infections are quite different from those of enteroviral infections, and therefore we do not think this will be a major problem in clinical practice. Perhaps the use of synthetic peptides, which has recently been described by Cello et al (10), may reduce cross-reactivity. The great advantage of the test we described is that it is simple to perform, more sensitive than the CFT, and far less laborious than the neutralization test.…”

Immune responses against enterovirus A71 infection: Implications for vaccine success

“…Epitope mapping with human sera is more complex and identifies more epitopes (Table 1). 66,68,[70][71][72] Anti-EV-A71 IgM epitopes are mainly found in VP2, VP3, VP1, and nonstructural proteins 2C, 3C, and 3D. 66,70,71 In screening for anti-EV-A71 IgM, high background and poly-reactivity is often observed, and 92.1% of synthesized peptides covering structural and nonstructural proteins were detected by IgM antibodies from acute sera.…”

“…66,70,71 The N-terminal half of VP1 protein also induced a poly-reactive anti-enterovirus IgG response. 72 The well-reported anti-EV-A71 IgG epitopes SP70 and VP2-28, identified by mice and rabbit sera respectively, were not recognized by human sera, suggesting that human sera target different linear or F I G U R E 1 Schematic diagram of the clinical presentation of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). EV-A71 is often associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) characterized by mouth ulcers and vesicular rashes on hands and feet.…”

“…Therefore, binding affinity of T-cell epitopes to MHC molecules is one of the important determinants of immunogenicity 102. A few recent studies have mapped the EV-A71-specific CD4 + T-cell F I G U R E 3 Weblogo of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) epitopes[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][76][77][78][79][80] with sequences of viruses from Enterovirus A. The graphical representations of the patterns within a multiple sequence alignment are shown.…”

Molecular Typing of Enteroviruses: Current Status and Future Requirements

“…Therefore, it would be difficult to predict the precise neutralization characteristics of an enterovirus from nucleotide sequence data. Most linear epitopes identified to date are cross-reactive and nonneutralizing (58,168,386,387). However, important neutralization determinants formed from uninterrupted colinear amino acid residues have been identified for PV (278,280), CBV 3 (149), and CBV 4 (266,359), and it may be possible to identify "signature" neutralizing epitopes from the nucleotide sequence of the relevant genomic region which permit serotypic identification.…”