Identification of HG Types of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines and Resistance Screening on Soybean Genotypes in Northeast China

Abstract

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a serious soybean pathogen worldwide. HG Type 0 had been a predominant SCN in Heilongjiang province, the largest soybean (Glycine max L.) producing region in China. Recently, increased virulence on resistant cultivars originally developed for resistance to HG Type 0 was observed in fields. In order to identify new cultivars resistant to local SCN populations, two soil samples were collected from two counties (Anda and Wuchang) in which increased virulence on resistant cultivars occurred, and single-cyst cultures from each soil sample were maintained for more than five generations. Two single-cyst cultures from the Anda sample were identified as HG Type 1.2.3.5.6.7 and HG Type 1.3, and one single-cyst culture from Wuchang was identified as HG Type 2.5.7. Then 18 soybean genotypes, including 11 local cultivars originally developed for resistance to HG Type 0, were used to evaluate resistance response to the three identified SCN populations. Various levels of resistance or susceptibility to the three SCN populations were observed among 18 genotypes. Two tests produced similar results for the three SCN populations. Both 'Kangxian12' and 'Kangxian13' showed resistance or moderate resistance to HG Type 2.5.7, HG Type 1.2.3.5.6.7 and HG Type 1.3. The germplasm '09-138' was resistant to HG Type 1.3 and HG Type 1.2.3.5.6.7. Cultivars with 'Peking'-resistance were resistant or moderately resistant to HG Type 2.5.7 in both tests except for 'Kangxian8' in test 1. The identified resistant varieties would be valuable sources of breeding materials for resistance against multiple SCN populations.

Chromosome‐level reference genome of X12, a highly virulent race of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

“…SCN is estimated to cause annual yield losses of more than $1.2 billion in the United States (Koenning & Wrather, ) and more than $120 million in China (Wang, Zhao, & Chu, ). Moreover, increased virulence of SCN has been observed, and the dominant races appear to be shifting (Howland, Monnig, Mathesius, Nathan, & Mitchum, ; Hua et al, ; Lian et al, ). To some extent, this indicates that the ecological environment has caused evolution of nematode virulence, which is a serious threat to agro‐ecology and agricultural production.…”

Transgressive resistance to Heterodera glycines in chromosome segment substitution lines derived from susceptible soybean parents

“…Recombinant inbred lines, backcrossing, CSSLs, or F 2 populations derived from both susceptible parents were reported to produce transgressive resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) in cotton (Ulloa et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2012Wang et al, , 2017. Our previous screening displayed that both Suinong14 and ZYD00006 were susceptible to HG Types 1.3, 2.5.7, and 1.2.3.5.6.7 (Hua et al, 2018). The question here was whether these CSSLs with the introgression of wild-type genome could suppress nematode production compared with the recurrent parent Suinong14.…”

“…The economic loss resulting from SCN damage reached US$1.5 billion alone in the United States (Wrather et al., 2001). In China, SCN has been reported in almost every soybean‐producing area and is considered as one of the most important factors restricting soybean yields (Dong et al., 2008; Hua et al., 2018; Lu et al., 2006). Soybean cyst nematode infection suppresses plant growth and causes stunting and chlorosis (Noel, 1999).…”

“…In the United States, 90% resistance sources are derived from PI 88788 (Patil et al., 2019). In northeastern China, the main resistance sources are from Peking (Hua et al., 2018; Tian et al., 2019b). The presence of multiple SCN races or HG types in the field makes SCN control more difficult.…”

“…In China, SCN race 3 has been considered as a major race in northeastern China, the largest soybean production area, and races 1 and 4 are the major races in the Huanghuai‐Hai region, the other major soybean production area (Li et al., 2011). More than 10 SCN races and 10 HG Types have been reported in China (Hua et al., 2018; Wang, 2019). However, virulence shift (e.g.…”