Identification of <i>Chlamydia gallinacea</i> in a parrot and in free‐range chickens in Australia

Stokes, Helena S.; Martens, Johanne M.; Chamings, Anthony; Walder, Ken; Berg, Mathew L.; Segal, Yonatan; Bennett, Andrew T. D.

doi:10.1111/avj.12856

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Pathogen transmission dynamics at the poultry-free-living bird interface are not only subject to within-host ecological and evolutionary pressures (138) but also, most importantly, are frequently bidirectional in nature (27,139,140). The establishment of "open-air" or "free-range" poultry habitats that overlap with wild bird habitats is a key step in the loss of sympatric species contact barriers, which may facilitate the transmission of opportunistic microbes (132,(141)(142)(143).…”

Section: Pathogen Transmission To Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken–Wild Bird Interface

2020

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Habitat conversion and the expansion of domesticated, invasive species into native habitats are increasingly recognized as drivers of pathogen emergence at the agricultural-wildlife interface. Poultry agriculture is one of the largest subsets of this interface, and pathogen spillover events between backyard chickens and wild birds are becoming more commonly reported. Native wild bird species are under numerous anthropogenic pressures, but the risks of pathogen spillover from domestic chickens have been historically underappreciated as a threat to wild birds. Now that the backyard chicken industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, it is imperative that the principles of biosecurity, specifically bioexclusion and biocontainment, are legislated and implemented. We reviewed the literature on spillover events of pathogens historically associated with poultry into wild birds. We also reviewed the reasons for biosecurity failures in backyard flocks that lead to those spillover events and provide recommendations for current and future backyard flock owners.

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Section: Pathogen Transmission To Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken–Wild Bird Interface

2020

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“…Besides Cpec and Cps, a recent study detected Protochlamydia amoebophila in a cow; novel chlamydial sequences highly related to C. suis and C. trachomatis as well as novel lineages closely related to Protochlamydia species in horses; and uncultured chlamydiae that may represent a novel family-level lineage that lies between the Parachlamydiaceae and Chlamydiaceae families in free-range deer (Figure 2A) [88]. Similarly, despite its global distribution in avian and livestock hosts, C. gallinacea in Australian birds has only recently been identified in cloacal samples from 36 chickens, and in one sample from a female galah with healthy appearance [141]. In both studies, domesticated animal and wildlife habitats overlap making cross-host transmission plausible.…”

Section: Other Chlamydial Infections In Australian Animals: We Can't mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2A) [88]. Similarly, despite its global distribution in avian and livestock hosts, C. gallinacea in Australian birds has only recently been identified in cloacal samples from 36 chickens, and in one sample from a female galah with healthy appearance [141]. In both studies, domesticated animal and wildlife habitats overlap making cross-host transmission plausible.…”

Section: Other Chlamydial Infections In Australian Animals: We Can't mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydiae from Down Under: The Curious Cases of Chlamydial Infections in Australia

Jelocnik

2019

Microorganisms

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In Australia, the most researched and perhaps the most successful chlamydial species are the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, animal pathogens Chlamydia pecorum and Chlamydia psittaci. C. trachomatis remains the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections in Australians and trachoma in Australian Indigenous populations. C. pecorum is globally recognised as the infamous koala and widespread livestock pathogen, whilst the avian C. psittaci is emerging as a horse pathogen posing zoonotic risks to humans. Certainly not innocuous, the human infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae seem to be less prevalent that other human chlamydial pathogens (namely C. trachomatis). Interestingly, the complete host range for C. pecorum and C. psittaci remains unknown, and infections by other chlamydial organisms in Australian domesticated and wildlife animals are understudied. Considering that chlamydial organisms can be encountered by either host at the human/animal interface, I review the most recent findings of chlamydial organisms infecting Australians, domesticated animals and native wildlife. Furthermore, I also provide commentary from leading Australian Chlamydia experts on challenges and future directions in the Chlamydia research field.

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“…Wild birds serve as an important reservoir not only for C. psittaci but also for several other chlamydial species. To date, eleven Chlamydia species have been detected in birds [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland

et al. 2020

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Bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae are globally disseminated and able to infect many bird species. So far, 11 species of Chlamydia have been detected in wild birds, and several studies found chlamydial strains classified as genetically intermediate between Chlamydia (C.) psittaci and C.abortus. Recently, a group of these intermediate strains was shown to form a separate species, i.e., C.buteonis. In the present study, 1128 samples from 341 raptors of 16 bird species and 253 corvids representing six species were examined using a stepwise diagnostic approach. Chlamydiaceae DNA was detected in 23.7% of the corvids and 5.9% of the raptors. In corvids, the most frequently detected Chlamydia species was C.psittaci of outer membrane protein A (ompA) genotype 1V, which is known to have a host preference for corvids. The most frequently detected ompA genotype in raptors was M56. Furthermore, one of the raptors harbored C.psittaci 1V, and two others carried genotype A. C.buteonis was not detected in the bird population investigated, so it remains unknown whether this species occurs in Switzerland. The infection rate of Chlamydiaceae in corvids was high compared to rates reported in other wild bird species, but neither Chlamydiaceae-positive corvids nor raptors showed overt signs of disease. Since the Chlamydiaceae of both, raptors and crows were identified as C.psittaci and all C.psittaci genotypes are considered to be zoonotic, it can be suggested that raptors and crows pose a potential hazard to the health of their handlers.

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Identification of Chlamydia gallinacea in a parrot and in free‐range chickens in Australia

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken–Wild Bird Interface

A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken–Wild Bird Interface

Chlamydiae from Down Under: The Curious Cases of Chlamydial Infections in Australia

Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland

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