“…Messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ), microRNAs ( miRNAs ), and long non-coding RNAs ( lncRNAs ) are widely expressed in various germ cells of the testes and are crucial in spermatogenesis and sperm mobility. Guo et al (2023) and Sun et al (2019) identified and screened key genes and pathways influencing sperm motility in chickens using the transcriptome sequencing method. However, geese present distinct characteristics in the seminal quality parameters compared to those of chickens.…”