Identification of key genes and active anti-inflammatory ingredients in Panax medicinal plants by climate-regulated callus culture combined with gene-component-efficacy grey correlation analysis

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to establish a novel strategy for identifying key genes and active anti-inflammatory ingredients in Panax medicinal plants.

IκB kinase β (IKKβ): Structure, transduction mechanism, biological function, and discovery of its inhibitors

“…IKKβ-mediated NF-κB pathway is a key signal transduction pathway involved in inflammatory response, angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, and immune escape [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. After this signaling pathway is activated by inflammatory factors, it promotes the expression of inflammatory factors at the transcriptional level as well, thus forming a loop and producing an amplification effect to aggravate inflammation response [47][48][49][50][51]. In the case of the colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse model, IKKβ genetic deletion in intestinal epithelial cells greatly reduces the incidence of tumors through the increase of apoptosis [52], while its KO in the macrophage significantly reduces tumor size by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors [53,54].…”

“…So far, fourteen natural alkaloids have been reported to possess inhibitory potentials towards IKKβ (Figure 13-15), including berberine (43), vinpocetine (44), cryptopleurin (45), matrine (46), tetrandrine (47), piperlongumine (48), daphnipaxianine A (49), pipernigamides E-G (50-52), tulipiferamide A (53), herbimycin A (54), himalesine (55), and ellipticine (56) [115,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169]. Among them, himalensine (55, Figure 14), isolated from Daphniphyllum himalense, possesses an unprecedented 6/5/6/7/5/6 skeleton, and its proposed biosynthetic pathway was discussed [164].…”