Identification of Key Genes Involved in Embryo Development and Differential Oil Accumulation in Two Contrasting Maize Genotypes

Zhang, Xiangxiang; Hong, Meiyan; Wan, Hongping; Luo, Lixia; Yu, Zeen; Guo, Ruixing

doi:10.3390/genes10120993

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…During the filling stage, sucrose and amino acids are converted to starch and storage proteins. The genes related to amino acid biosynthesis accumulate to their optimal level from DAP 10 [34], starch accumulation peaks at DAP 15 and then remains steady [35,36], and oil concentration reaches its peak level on DAP 30 [37]. At the end of seed filling, seed maturation starts with the progressive loss of water [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Folate Accumulation in Maize Grains

Lian

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Previously, the complexity of folate accumulation in the early stages of maize kernel development has been reported, but the mechanisms of folate accumulation are unclear. Two maize inbred lines, DAN3130 and JI63, with different patterns of folate accumulation and different total folate contents in mature kernels were used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of folate metabolism during late stages of kernel formation by comparative transcriptome analysis. The folate accumulation during DAP 24 to mature kernels could be controlled by circumjacent pathways of folate biosynthesis, such as pyruvate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and serine/glycine metabolism. In addition, the folate variation between these two inbred lines was related to those genes among folate metabolism, such as genes in the pteridine branch, para-aminobenzoate branch, serine/tetrahydrofolate (THF)/5-methyltetrahydrofolate cycle, and the conversion of THF monoglutamate to THF polyglutamate. The findings provided insight into folate accumulation mechanisms during maize kernel formation to promote folate biofortification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Folate Accumulation in Maize Grains

Lian

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Similarly, the comparison between two contrasting maize genotypes revealed that many vital TAG biosynthetic genes showed differential expression between high oil content (HOC) and low oil content (LOC) maize. GPAT , DGAT , and PDAT genes were up-regulated, but GPDH was down-regulated in HOC [ 54 ]. These findings were consistent with our conclusion from comparisons across multiple species, which implied that GPAT , DGAT , GPDH , PDAT , and WRI1 genes played vital roles in seed oil biosynthesis in maize kernels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize kernel consists of developed embryo and endosperm, and the oil mainly stored in embryo. Maize has relatively large seeds but unfortunately the oil content of maize kernels is extremely low, which is approximately 4%–5% of the seed dry weight [ 54 ]. Nevertheless, castor bean, which had developed embryo and endosperm as well, had high oil content and accumulated plenty of oil in the endosperm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated omics analysis reveals the gene expression profiles of maize, castor bean, and rapeseed for seed oil biosynthesis

Liu

Fan

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Seed storage lipids are valuable for human diet and for the sustainable development of mankind. In recent decades, many lipid metabolism genes and pathways have been identified, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie differences in seed oil biosynthesis in species with developed embryo and endosperm are not fully understood. Results We performed comparative genome and transcriptome analyses of castor bean and rapeseed, which have high seed oil contents, and maize, which has a low seed oil content. These results revealed the molecular underpinnings of the low seed oil content in maize. First of all, transcriptome analyses showed that more than 61% of the lipid- and carbohydrate-related genes were regulated in castor bean and rapeseed, but only 20.1% of the lipid-related genes and 22.5% of the carbohydrate-related genes were regulated in maize. Then, compared to castor bean and rapeseed, fewer lipid biosynthesis genes but more lipid metabolism genes were regulated in the maize embryo. More importantly, most maize genes encoding lipid-related transcription factors, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic enzymes, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Calvin Cycle proteins were not regulated during seed oil synthesis, despite the presence of many homologs in the maize genome. Additionally, we observed differential regulation of vital oil biosynthetic enzymes and extremely high expression levels of oil biosynthetic genes in castor bean, which were consistent with the rapid accumulation of oil in castor bean developing seeds. Conclusions Compared to high-oil seeds (castor bean and rapeseed), less oil biosynthetic genes were regulated during the seed development in low-oil seed (maize). These results shed light on molecular mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in maize, castor bean, and rapeseed. They can provide information on key target genes that may be useful for future experimental manipulation of oil production in oil plants.

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“…Recently, the relatively low cost of Illumina sequencing has made it easier to perform global transcriptome profiling in any plant species. This helps us to understand the molecular mechanisms and key genes involved in defining key agronomic and quality traits [5,[21][22][23]. For example, tyrosine hydroxylase CYP76AD1 and 4,5-DOPA dioxygenase DODA, related to betalain biosynthesis, were identified as the key genes controlling the red pulp color of pitaya using the transcriptome approach [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis of Pitaya fruit unveiled the mechanisms underlying Peel and pulp color formation

et al. 2020

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Background Elucidating the candidate genes and key metabolites responsible for pulp and peel coloration is essential for breeding pitaya fruit with new and improved appeal and high nutritional value. Here, we used transcriptome (RNA-Seq) and metabolome analysis (UPLC-MS/MS) to identify structural and regulatory genes and key metabolites associated with peel and pulp colors in three pitaya fruit types belonging to two different Hylocereus species. Result Our combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses suggest that the main strategy for obtaining red color is to increase tyrosine content for downstream steps in the betalain pathway. The upregulation of CYP76ADs is proposed as the color-breaking step leading to red or colorless pulp under the regulation by WRKY44 transcription factor. Supported by the differential accumulation of anthocyanin metabolites in red pulped pitaya fruit, our results showed the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in addition to betalain biosynthesis. However, no color-breaking step for the development of anthocyanins in red pulp was observed and no biosynthesis of anthocyanins in white pulp was found. Together, we propose that red pitaya pulp color is under the strict regulation of CYP76ADs by WRKYs and the anthocyanin coexistence with betalains is unneglectable. We ruled out the possibility of yellow peel color formation due to anthocyanins because of no differential regulation of chalcone synthase genes between yellow and green and no detection of naringenin chalcone in the metabolome. Similarly, the no differential regulation of key genes in the carotenoid pathway controlling yellow pigments proposed that the carotenoid pathway is not involved in yellow peel color formation. Conclusions Together, our results propose several candidate genes and metabolites controlling a single horticultural attribute i.e. color formation for further functional characterization. This study presents useful genomic resources and information for breeding pitaya fruit with commercially attractive peel and pulp colors. These findings will greatly complement the existing knowledge on the biosynthesis of natural pigments for their applications in food and health industry.

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Identification of Key Genes Involved in Embryo Development and Differential Oil Accumulation in Two Contrasting Maize Genotypes

Abstract: Maize is an important oil seed crop and a major food crop in different parts of the world.

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Folate Accumulation in Maize Grains

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Folate Accumulation in Maize Grains

An integrated omics analysis reveals the gene expression profiles of maize, castor bean, and rapeseed for seed oil biosynthesis

Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis of Pitaya fruit unveiled the mechanisms underlying Peel and pulp color formation

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