Identification of Major Risk Sources for Surface Water Pollution by Risk Indexes (RI) in the Multi-Provincial Boundary Region of the Taihu Basin, China

Abstract

Environmental safety in multi-district boundary regions has been one of the focuses in China and is mentioned many times in the Environmental Protection Act of 2014. Five types were categorized concerning the risk sources for surface water pollution in the multi-provincial boundary region of the Taihu basin: production enterprises, waste disposal sites, chemical storage sites, agricultural non-point sources and waterway transportations. Considering the hazard of risk sources, the purification property of environmental medium and the vulnerability of risk receptors, 52 specific attributes on the risk levels of each type of risk source were screened out. Continuous piecewise linear function model, expert consultation method and fuzzy integral model were used to calculate the integrated risk indexes (RI) to characterize the risk levels of pollution sources. In the studied area, 2716 pollution sources were characterized by RI values. There were 56 high-risk sources screened out as major risk sources, accounting for about 2% of the total. The numbers of sources with high-moderate, moderate, moderate-low and low pollution risk were 376, 1059, 101 and 1124, respectively, accounting for 14%, 38%, 5% and 41% of the total. The procedure proposed could be included in the integrated risk management systems of the multi-district boundary region of the Taihu basin. It could help decision makers to identify major risk sources in the risk prevention and reduction of surface water pollution.

Appraising the risk level of physicochemical and bacteriological twin contaminants of water resources in part of the western Niger Delta region

“…Rivers are immensely important due to tremendous water holding and large perforated capillary network which confirms the annual freshwater availability (Jayalakshmi et al 2011). Natural sources of water resources contaminants are rock types, sediments, migratory pathways (Hong et al 2015) and seasonal variations (Trivede et al 2010). Activities of man contaminate surface and subsurface water sources through inadequate source protection, untreated waste disposal, dissemination of chemicals and micro-bacteriological matter, leakages, washings, run-off from poorly constructed drainage along the roads, waterway transportations and chemicals used in agricultural production such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.…”

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“…Essa quantidade não seria preocupante se for levado em consideração resultados de diversos estudos que avaliaram a presença de protozoários em amostras de água obtidas nas ETAs, após terem sido submetidas a tratamento convencional (Robertson et al, 2006;Marques et al, 2005;Lechevallier e Norton, 1995). Normalmente tais estudos expõem resultados de avaliação com ausência ou baixas quantidades de cistos, que possivelmente seriam completamente eliminadas após filtração utilizando qualquer das velas avaliadas, independente de porosidade ou uso de carvão ativado, porém acreditamos que populações carentes ou que não têm acesso ao tratamento convencional estão mais susceptíveis a infecção, mormente por necessitarem de outras fontes de aquisição de água para consumo humano, como, por exemplo, poços artesianos e minas (Yao et al, 2015;Amaral et al, 2003).…”

Generating Water Quality Maps of Klang River Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Water Quality Index (WQI)

“…The use of GIS in the field of water management is on the rise (Babiker et al, 2007). Researchers have used GIS-based applications for a variety of purposes, including mapping diffuse stormwater pollutant hot spots (Mitchell, 2005), investigating space-time dynamics of coastal pollution (Roy et al, 2018), assessing health risks from stormwater pollution (Wijesiri et al, 2018), assessing chemical spill impacts in river basins (Jiang et al, 2012), and identifying risk sources for surface water pollution (Yao et al, 2015). Conventional method used to store water quality data is to use regular reports (Ahmed et al, 2020).…”