Identification of MAPKs and Their Possible MAPK Kinase Activators Involved in the Pto-mediated Defense Response of Tomato

Pedley, Kerry F.; Martin, Gregory B.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m410323200

Cited by 117 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…LeMPK1/2/3 had been shown to function in host-specific AvrPto-dependent resistance to the bacterial pathogen P. syringae (28,45) and in Mi-1-mediated resistance to aphids (29). Our reduction-of-function study demonstrates that LeMPK1 and LeMPK2 are required for systemin-mediated resistance to M. sexta larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Both are activated by the same upstream MAPKKs, LeMKK2 and LeMKK4 (28). In addition, they are coordinately activated by wounding, systemin, oligosaccharide elicitors, UV-B radiation, and the fungal toxin fusicoccin (12,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LeMPK1, -2, and -3 were also activated by the host-specific elicitors AvrPto and AvrPtoB from Pseudomonas syringae (28) and infection by Xanthomonas campestris (26). Loss-of-function studies had shown they are required for defense against P. syringae and Mi-1-mediated resistance to aphids (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tomato MAPKs LeMPK1, LeMPK2, and LeMPK3 function in the systemin-mediated defense response against herbivorous insects

Kandoth¹,

Ranf²,

Pancholi³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

235

201

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tomato MAPKs LeMPK1, LeMPK2, and LeMPK3 function in the systemin-mediated defense response against herbivorous insects

Kandoth¹,

Ranf²,

Pancholi³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

235

201

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“…Conditional expression of an active form of NtMEK2, which activates SIPK and WIPK, leads to HR-like cell death (Yang et al, 2001;Yoshioka et al, 2003). The same phenotype was observed in other plant species, including Arabidopsis and tomato (Ren et al, 2002;del Pozo et al, 2004;Pedley and Martin, 2004). Later, it was shown that activation of SIPK alone is sufficient to induce cell death Samuel and Ellis, 2002), and WIPK accelerates the cell death process .…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Biochemical studies from a number of laboratories demonstrated that SIPK and WIPK, two tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) MAPKs, and their orthologs in other plant species, including MPK6 and MPK3 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SIMK and SAMK in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), LeMPK1/2 (LeSIPK) and LeMPK3 (LeWIPK) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and PcMPK6 and PcMPK3 in parsley (Petroselinum crispum), are activated in cultured cells or plants treated with elicitors or after pathogen infection (Stratmann and Ryan, 1997;Zhang and Klessig, 1998a;Zhang et al, 1998Zhang et al, , 2000Romeis et al, 1999;Cardinale et al, 2000;Nü hse et al, 2000;Desikan et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2001Lee et al, , 2004Yuasa et al, 2001;Asai et al, 2002;Link et al, 2002;Ekengren et al, 2003;Holley et al, 2003;Kroj et al, 2003;del Pozo et al, 2004;Pedley and Martin, 2004). In tobacco, SIPK and WIPK share a common upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK), NtMEK2 (Yang et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Ntf4, a Tobacco Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, during Plant Defense Response and Its Involvement in Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death

Ren

Yang

et al. 2006

Plant Physiology

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules in eukaryotic cells. They function downstream of sensors/receptors and regulate cellular responses to external and endogenous stimuli. Recent studies demonstrated that SIPK and WIPK, two tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) MAPKs, are involved in signaling plant defense responses to various pathogens. Ntf4, another tobacco MAPK that shares 93.6% and 72.3% identity with SIPK and WIPK, respectively, was reported to be developmentally regulated and function in pollen germination. We found that Ntf4 is also expressed in leaves and suspension-cultured cells. Genomic analysis excluded the possibility that Ntf4 and SIPK are orthologs from the two parental lines of the amphidiploid common tobacco. In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation and activation assays revealed that Ntf4 shares the same upstream MAPK kinase, NtMEK2, with SIPK and WIPK. Similar to SIPK and WIPK, Ntf4 is also stress responsive and can be activated by cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitin from oomycetic pathogen Phytophthora cryptogea. Tobacco recognition of cryptogein induces rapid hypersensitive response (HR) cell death in tobacco. Transgenic Ntf4 plants with elevated levels of Ntf4 protein showed accelerated HR cell death when treated with cryptogein. In addition, conditional overexpression of Ntf4, which results in high cellular Ntf4 activity, is sufficient to induce HR-like cell death. Based on these results, we concluded that Ntf4 is multifunctional. In addition to its role in pollen germination, Ntf4 is also a component downstream of NtMEK2 in the MAPK cascade that regulates pathogen-induced HR cell death in tobacco.The active defense of plants against invading pathogens often includes rapid programmed cell death, known as the hypersensitive response (HR), the generation of reactive oxygen species, the activation of a complex array of defense genes, and the production of antimicrobial phytoalexins (Dangl and Jones, 2001;Dixon, 2001;Lam et al., 2001;Martin et al., 2003;Greenberg and Yao, 2004;Torres and Dangl, 2005). In addition to these local responses, the uninfected portions of the plant usually develop systemic acquired resistance, which is manifested as enhanced resistance to a subsequent challenge by pathogens (Durrant and Dong, 2004;Bostock, 2005). The induction of these defense responses is regulated by a complex signaling network initiated after the plant recognition of pathogens, which is mediated either by gene-for-gene interactions between plant resistance (R) genes and pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes, or by the binding of nonhost-specific elicitors, also known as pathogenassociated molecular patterns, to their receptors (Staskawicz et al., 1995;Baker et al., 1997;Dangl and Jones, 2001;Martin et al., 2003;Innes, 2004;Ausubel, 2005;Boller, 2005).Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules in eukaryotes. They function downstream of sensors/receptors and convert signals generated by the sensors/receptors to cellular responses (H...

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Trait Control (Gene Switch Technology)

Ordiz

Yang

Beachy

2012

Plant Gene Containment

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Identification of MAPKs and Their Possible MAPK Kinase Activators Involved in the Pto-mediated Defense Response of Tomato

Abstract: The Pto kinase mediates resistance to bacterial speck disease in tomato by activating host defenses upon recognition of Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Cited by 117 publications

References 40 publications

Tomato MAPKs LeMPK1, LeMPK2, and LeMPK3 function in the systemin-mediated defense response against herbivorous insects

Tomato MAPKs LeMPK1, LeMPK2, and LeMPK3 function in the systemin-mediated defense response against herbivorous insects

Activation of Ntf4, a Tobacco Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, during Plant Defense Response and Its Involvement in Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death

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