Identification of metabolites related to mechanisms of resistance in barley against Fusarium graminearum, based on mass spectrometry

Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important disease of the family Triticeae, as, apart from yield reduction it also causes quality deterioration by producing mycotoxins. Host resistance is the most promising way to control the disease. Metabolic profiling was applied to identify resistance related (RR) metabolites against Fusarium graminearum in five FHB-resistant genotypes ('Chevron', 'H5277-44', 'H5277-164', 'M92-513' and 'M122') relative to one FHB-susceptible genotype ('Stander'). The disease severity was assessed in greenhouse to group the genotypes based on FHB-resistance. The disease was quantified as the proportion of diseased spikelets (PSD) and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Spikelets were collected at 72 h post inoculation. Metabolites were extracted into an aqueous solution of methanol and analyzed using a LC-hybrid-MS system. Metabolite abundances were subjected to a resistant versus susceptible pair-wise analysis, using a t test. Resistance related (RR) metabolites, both constitutive (RRC) and induced (RRI), were identified amongst metabolites whose levels were significantly higher in resistant genotype than in susceptible. Among 1,430 RR metabolites, 115 were putatively identified. These RR metabolites belonged to different chemical groups: fatty acids: linolenic acid; phenylpropanoids: p-coumaric, sinapic acid; flavonoids: naringenin, kaempferol glucoside, catechol glucoside. In addition, resistance indicator metabolites, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and DON-3-O-glucoside (D3G) were also detected. The amount of total DON synthesized converted to D3G (PDC) was the greatest in resistant genotype 'Chevron' (PDC = 0.76). The role of the resistance-related and resistance-indicator metabolites on plant defense, and their use as potential biomarkers to screen barley genotypes for FHB resistance is discussed.

A Brachypodium UDP-Glycosyltransferase Confers Root Tolerance to Deoxynivalenol and Resistance to Fusarium Infection

“…A number of studies using DON-producing strains of F. graminearum have tried to decipher the biological functions leading to quantitative resistance to FHB in wheat or barley. Some secondary metabolism pathways were frequently found to be associated with resistance, such as the induction of the phenylpropanoid pathway and metabolites such as Phe, p-coumarate, and sinapate (Bollina et al, 2011;Kumaraswamy et al, 2011aKumaraswamy et al, , 2011b as well as the production of conjugates of flavonoids/isoflavonoids like naringenin and kaempferol (Kumaraswamy et al, 2011a(Kumaraswamy et al, , 2011b. The induction of jasmonate-regulated allene oxide synthase and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (Gottwald et al, 2012;Kugler et al, 2013;Xiao et al, 2013), and the related metabolites linoleic and linolenic acids, jasmonates, and traumatic acid (Bollina et al, 2011;Kumaraswamy et al, 2011a), have been described as markers of quantitative resistance to FHB.…”

“…Some secondary metabolism pathways were frequently found to be associated with resistance, such as the induction of the phenylpropanoid pathway and metabolites such as Phe, p-coumarate, and sinapate (Bollina et al, 2011;Kumaraswamy et al, 2011aKumaraswamy et al, , 2011b as well as the production of conjugates of flavonoids/isoflavonoids like naringenin and kaempferol (Kumaraswamy et al, 2011a(Kumaraswamy et al, , 2011b. The induction of jasmonate-regulated allene oxide synthase and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (Gottwald et al, 2012;Kugler et al, 2013;Xiao et al, 2013), and the related metabolites linoleic and linolenic acids, jasmonates, and traumatic acid (Bollina et al, 2011;Kumaraswamy et al, 2011a), have been described as markers of quantitative resistance to FHB. Other common features were associated with defense responses such as the induction of b-1,3-glucanases, chitinases, and thaumatin-like proteins, the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and xenobiotic detoxification by family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases, glutathione S-transferases, cytochrome P450-monooxygenases, and transporter detoxification (Boddu et al, 2006;Golkari et al, 2007;Jia et al, 2009;Gardiner et al, 2010;Foroud et al, 2012;Kugler et al, 2013;Xiao et al, 2013).…”

A foresight study on emerging technologies: State of the art of Omics technologies and potential applications in food and feed safety

“…FHB is of primary concern because some species commonly produce the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) which is harmful to human and animal health (Allwood et al 2010;Bollina et al 2011;Walter et al 2010).…”

“…The following studies were identified for Fusarium graminearum and Pseudomonas syringae (Bollina et al, 2011;Sghaier-Hammami et al, 2012;Walter et al, 2010). The omics studies involve matabolomics (7) or proteomics (1).…”

Rapid LC‐MS‐based metabolomics method to study the Fusarium infection of barley

“…In most cases, the HPLC-MS technique was used for this purpose [29][30][31]. The present methodological study based on nontarget approach describes the development and optimization of a UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS procedure for the rapid metabolomic fingerprinting of infected and control barley samples followed by multivariate data analysis of the acquired datasets.…”