Identification of microplastics in the sediments of southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, north of Iran

Mehdinia, Ali; Dehbandi, Reza; Hamzehpour, Ali; Rahnama, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113738

Cited by 97 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The Iranian side of the Caspian Sea is known to suffer from cultural eutrophication (Makhlough et al 2017;Nemati et al 2017) and metal pollution (Bastami et al 2015;de Mora et al 2004) due to multiple and often co-occurring inputs (Mehdinia et al 2020;Nemati et al 2017). Pollutants can derive from various human activities carried out both at sea and on land, which might impair water resources and human health, thus urging effective management actions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and metal pollution in the southern Caspian Sea: a multiple approach to bioassessment

Costantini

Agah

Fiorentino

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The Caspian Sea hosts areas of high ecological value as well as industrial, leisure, and agricultural activities that dump into the water body different kinds of pollutants. In this complex context, a proper description of the origin and potential sources of pollution is necessary to address management and mitigation actions aimed at preserving the quality of the water resource and the integrity of the ecosystems. Here, we aimed at detecting sources of both nitrogen inputs, by N stable isotope analysis of macroalgae, and metals in macroalgae and sediments in two highly anthropized coastal stretches at the Iranian side of the Caspian Sea. Sampling was done near the mouth of rivers and canals draining agricultural and urbanized areas. In the westernmost waters, facing a port city, low macroalgal δ15N signatures indicated industrial fertilizers as the principal source of pollution. By contrast, in the central coastal waters, facing touristic areas, the high macroalgal δ15N indicated N inputs from wastewaters. Here the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations in waters were associated with excess dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Metal concentrations varied largely in the study areas and were lower in macroalgae than in sediments. Localized peaks of Pb and Zn in sediments were observed in the central coastal sites as probable byproducts of mining activity transported downstream. By contrast, Cr and Ni concentrations were high in all sampling sites, thus potentially representing hazardous elements for marine biota. Overall, macroalgal δ15N coupled with metal analysis in macroalgae and sediments was useful for identifying the main sources of pollution in these highly anthropized coastal areas. This double approach in comprehensive monitoring programs could thus effectively inform stakeholders on major environmental threats, allowing targeted management measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and metal pollution in the southern Caspian Sea: a multiple approach to bioassessment

Costantini

Agah

Fiorentino

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Therefore, the reproducibility of polymer thermogravimetry data requires as detailed control as possible of the operating conditions of the experiment, such as the size and the shape of the sample, the rate of heating, the type of atmosphere in which the sample is heated (Peñalver et al, 2020). In TGA a loss of mass is measured, whereas the degradation of polymeric materials begins frequently Northwestern Pacific/seawater (Pan et al, 2019) PE, PP, NYLON 0.5 and 1.0 mm µ-Raman spectroscopic analysis results indicate that the major compositions of MPs are PE (57.8%), PP (36.0%) and nylon (3.4%) and the origin of the MPs at these stations are the same, namely, the nearby land in Philippines, Taiwan, and China Mainland Caspian Sea/sediment (Mehdinia et al, 2020) PS, PE 250-500 µm µ-Raman spectroscopy detected only PS and PE in studied samples. In general, the polymer types indicated lower diversity in comparison with those reported in such areas in the world.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

Micro and Nanoplastics Identification: Classic Methods and Innovative Detection Techniques

et al. 2021

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Micro and nanoplastics are fragments with dimensions less than a millimeter invading all terrestrial and marine environments. They have become a major global environmental issue in recent decades and, indeed, recent scientific studies have highlighted the presence of these fragments all over the world even in environments that were thought to be unspoiled. Analysis of micro/nanoplastics in isolated samples from abiotic and biotic environmental matrices has become increasingly common. Hence, the need to find valid techniques to identify these micro and nano-sized particles. In this review, we discuss the current and potential identification methods used in microplastic analyses along with their advantages and limitations. We discuss the most suitable techniques currently available, from physical to chemical ones, as well as the challenges to enhance the existing methods and develop new ones. Microscopical techniques (i.e., dissect, polarized, fluorescence, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy) are one of the most used identification methods for micro/nanoplastics, but they have the limitation to produce incomplete results in analyses of small particles. At present, the combination with chemical analysis (i.e., spectroscopy) overcome this limit together with recently introduced alternative approaches. For example, holographic imaging in microscope configuration images microplastics directly in unfiltered water, thus discriminating microplastics from diatoms and differentiates different sizes, shapes, and plastic types. The development of new analytical instruments coupled with each other or with conventional and innovative microscopy could solve the current problems in the identification of micro/nanoplastics.

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“…In addition to the origin and fate of MPs, many papers have also focused on the particle size, shape, type, color and mesh size of MPS and how to sample it to fully understand the characteristics of MPS in marine ecosystems (Table 1). This information will be helpful for further evaluation of plastic production plans and for more scientific and effective control of plastic products [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117].…”

Section: Fates Of Marine Mpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Sources, Fates, Impacts and Microbial Degradation

Yang

Chen

Wang

2021

Toxics

123

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The serious global microplastic pollution has attracted public concern in recent years. Microplastics are widely distributed in various environments and their pollution is already ubiquitous in the ocean system, which contributes to exponential concern in the past decade and different research areas. Due to their tiny size coupled with the various microbial communities in aquatic habitats capable of accumulating organic pollutants, abundant literature is available for assessing the negative impact of MPs on the physiology of marine organisms and eventually on the human health. This study summarizes the current literature on MPs in the marine environment to obtain a better knowledge about MP contamination. This review contains three sections: (1) sources and fates of MPs in the marine environment, (2) impacts of MPs on marine organisms, and (3) bacteria for the degradation of marine MPs. Some measures and efforts must be taken to solve the environmental problems caused by microplastics. The knowledge in this review will provide background information for marine microplastics studies and management strategies in future.

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Identification of microplastics in the sediments of southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, north of Iran

Cited by 97 publications

References 86 publications

Nitrogen and metal pollution in the southern Caspian Sea: a multiple approach to bioassessment

Nitrogen and metal pollution in the southern Caspian Sea: a multiple approach to bioassessment

Micro and Nanoplastics Identification: Classic Methods and Innovative Detection Techniques

Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Sources, Fates, Impacts and Microbial Degradation

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