Identification of multiple species and subpopulations among Australian clinical Sporothrix isolates using whole genome sequencing

New, David; Beukers, Alicia G.; Kidd, Sarah; Merritt, Adam J.; Weeks, Kerry; Hal, Sebastiaan J. van; Arthur, Ian

doi:10.1093/mmy/myy126

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Australia has sporadic human cases of sporotrichosis (due to either S. schenckii s. str., S. globosa or S. mexicana ) [3], [4], although none of the isolates from reported feline cases had been characterised by molecular methods to the best of our knowledge. The lack of melanisation of the mature fungal colony in this instance immediately suggested a species other than S. schenckii and S. mexicana , as both these species typically produce melanised conidia, turning the colonies brown to black in appearance [2], [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous cases in humans and animals have been recorded, most commonly caused by species within the Sporothrix schenckii complex [1], [2]. This taxonomic group includes (i) S. schenckii sensu stricto , the first species described as infecting humans, (ii) S. brasiliensis , a highly virulent species infecting cats (primarily), dogs and humans in Brazil, (iii) S. globosa , responsible for ‘sapronoses’ in China, India and Australia, and (iv) the less frequently reported S. luriei [1], [2], [3], [4]. The closely related Sporothrix pallida complex includes S. pallida s. str.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An atypical cause of sporotrichosis in a cat

Thomson

Trott

Malík

et al. 2019

Medical Mycology Case Reports

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A nine-year-old domestic cat from Melbourne, Australia, presented with a non-ulcerated nodule on its nasal bridge. A fungal infection of the subcutis was diagnosed based on histopathology and culture of a white mould, which was identified as Sporothrix pallida complex by ITS1–5.8S-ITS2 and β-tubulin gene sequencing. The cat was treated by cytoreduction, itraconazole and subsequently posaconazole, which eventually resulted in regression of residual infected tissues and clinical resolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical cause of sporotrichosis in a cat

Thomson

Trott

Malík

et al. 2019

Medical Mycology Case Reports

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“…All the Indian strains tested belonged to S. globosa [20]. Besides Asian countries, S. globosa has also been reported in Europe, the Americas and Australia [6,23]. S. globosa, has a low degree of genetic variation in contrast to S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis [23,24].…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Gong et al, recently reported the utility of microsatellite typing in identifying genetically diverse S. globosa, similar to a multigene approach (CAL, TEF1-α or BT genes) [59]. However, whole genome sequencing results from Australian S. globosa isolates revealed low genome diversity [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00346-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. commonly found in tropical and subtropical countries [1,[3][4][5][6]. Humans acquire the infection by accidental percutaneous inoculation of the fungus present on a variety of vegetation, decomposing wood or soil, or by zoonotic transmission [2,7].…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Sporothrix globosa of diverse origin from India

Rudramurthy

Shankarnarayan

Hemashetter³

et al. 2020

Braz J Microbiol

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Sporotrichosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases causing subcutaneous chronic granulomatous lesion by thermally dimorphic fungi belonging to Sporothrix species. Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix mexicana and Sporothrix globosa are the common pathogenic species. In Asian countries, S. globosa constitutes nearly 99.3% of all Sporothrix species. We studied 63 cases of sporotrichosis of geographically diverse origin from India and Sporothrix isolates were characterised for its growth in different media, temperatures, ability to assimilate sugars and antifungal susceptibility profile. Molecular characterization was performed by sequencing of the calmodulin (CAL), beta tubulin (BT) and translational elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) and typing by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP). In patients who presented with fixed (49.2%), lymphocutaneous lesions (23.8%), in 26.9% the details were not known, none had systemic dissemination. All the isolates tested were Sporothrix globosa and that could grow up to 35°C and unable to grow at and beyond 37°C. The assimilation of sucrose, ribitol and raffinose helps in identifying S. globosa. Sequences of CAL or BT or TEF-1α can differentiate S. globosa from other species in the complex. FAFLP results exhibited low genetic diversity. No correlation was noted between genotypes and clinical presentation, or geographic distribution. Itraconazole, terbinafine and posaconazole showed good in vitro antifungal activity against S. globosa whereas fluconazole and micafungin had no activity. S. globosa of Indian origin is relatively less pathogenic than other pathogenic Sporothrix species as it does not cause systemic dissemination and in the diagnostic laboratory, incubation of the cultures below 37°C is essential for effective isolation.

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The threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic Sporothrix species

et al. 2020

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Sporotrichosis is a neglected subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals acquired by traumatic inoculation of soil and plant material (classical route) contaminated with infectious propagules of the pathogen or being bitten/scratched by infected cats (alternative route). Within a genus composed of 53 species displaying an essentially environmental core, there are only a few members which have considerable impacts on human or animal health. Infections are typically caused by S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii or S. globosa. Rare mammal pathogens include members of the S. pallida and S. stenocereus complexes. To illustrate the tremendous impact of emerging zoonotic sporotrichosis on public health, we discuss the main features of the expanding epidemics driven by S. brasiliensis in cats and humans. The cat entry in the transmission chain of sporotrichosis, causing epizooties (cat-cat) or zoonosis (cat-human), has contributed to the definition of new paradigms in Sporothrix transmission, reaching epidemic levels, making the disease a serious public health problem. Indeed, S. brasiliensis infection in humans and animals is likely to become even more important in the future, with projections of its expansion in biogeographic domains and host range, as well as greater virulence in mammals. Therefore, lessons from a long-standing outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro about the source and distribution of the etiological agents among outbreak areas can be used to create better control and prevention plans and increase awareness of sporotrichosis as a serious emerging zoonotic disease. Keywords Sporothrix Á Sporotrichosis Á Emerging zoonoses Á Control and prevention Á Preparedness and biodefense Á Pathogenicity Á Virulence Á Sporothrix brasiliensis Á Neglected tropical diseases The story behind the Sporothrix species pathogenic to mammals Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease caused by the infection of Sporothrix spp. It usually affects the skin Handling editor: Ferry Hagen.

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Identification of multiple species and subpopulations among Australian clinical Sporothrix isolates using whole genome sequencing

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

An atypical cause of sporotrichosis in a cat

An atypical cause of sporotrichosis in a cat

Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Sporothrix globosa of diverse origin from India

The threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic Sporothrix species

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