Identification of Nanobacteria in Human Arthritic Synovial Fluid by Method Validated in Human Blood and Urine using 200 nm Model Nanoparticles

Tsurumoto, Toshiyuki; Zhu, Dan; Sommer, Andrei P.

doi:10.1021/es702857s

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Regardless of the aqueous phase matrix, the aggregates of hemoglobin, once dried, coated and studied by SEM, all had the same appearance. These inert structures resemble the images of nanobacteria found in diseased hearts, kidneys, and the urine of HIV patients, as well as in cancer tissue (1,3,4,(11)(12)(13)15).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Hemoglobin aggregates studied under static and dynamic conditions involving the formation of nanobacteria-like structures

Baum¹,

Jones²,

Manning³

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmaceutica

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Hemoglobin aggregates studied under static and dynamic conditions involving the formation of nanobacteria-like structures Laser light scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to study hemoglobin in the aqueous phase. The impact that salts [NaCl, Ca3(PO4)2] and iron oxide nanoparticles have on the hemoglobin size are also studied. The first set of experiments examined hemoglobin aggregates in the aqueous phases in the presence of salts and nanoparticles. Aqueous phase samples were then dehydrated and examined using SEM. The resulting structures resemble those observed in nanobacteria studies conducted in other labs. This study demonstrates that aggregates of hemoglobin and various salts found in a physiological environment can produce structures that resemble nanobacteria.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Hemoglobin aggregates studied under static and dynamic conditions involving the formation of nanobacteria-like structures

Baum¹,

Jones²,

Manning³

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmaceutica

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“…Our interest in NPs was triggered by a vast amount of literature surrounding the so-called primitive life-forms known as nanobacteria (NB) that have been described as the smallest living symbionts on earth [15]–[22], with claimed implications for a number of disease processes that include Alzheimer’s disease [23], atherosclerosis [24], calciphylaxis [25], cancer [26]–[28], co-infection with HIV [29], ectopic calcification [22], [24], [30]–[37], male infertility [38], periodontal disease [39], polycystic kidney disease [40], prostatitis [41], [42], arthritis [43], [44], and renal stone formation [17]–[21], [45], [46]. NB have also been implicated as potential worldwide airborne pathogens [47], as potential contaminants in vaccines [48], and as infectious agents of disease transmissible through intravenous injection and other forms of inoculation [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids

Young²,

Young³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Mineralo-organic nanoparticles form spontaneously in human body fluids when the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions exceed saturation. We have shown previously that these mineralo-organic nanoparticles possess biomimetic properties and can reproduce the whole phenomenology of the so-called nanobacteria—mineralized entities initially described as the smallest microorganisms on earth. Here, we examine the possibility that various charged elements and ions may form mineral nanoparticles with similar properties in biological fluids. Remarkably, all the elements tested, including sodium, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, strontium, and barium form mineralo-organic particles with bacteria-like morphologies and other complex shapes following precipitation with phosphate in body fluids. Upon formation, these mineralo-organic particles, which we term bions, invariably accumulate carbonate apatite during incubation in biological fluids; yet, the particles also incorporate additional elements and thus reflect the ionic milieu in which they form. Bions initially harbor an amorphous mineral phase that gradually converts to crystals in culture. Our results show that serum produces a dual inhibition-seeding effect on bion formation. Using a comprehensive proteomic analysis, we identify a wide range of proteins that bind to these mineral particles during incubation in medium containing serum. The two main binding proteins identified, albumin and fetuin-A, act as both inhibitors and seeders of bions in culture. Notably, bions possess several biomimetic properties, including the possibility to increase in size and number and to be sub-cultured in fresh culture medium. Based on these results, we propose that bions represent biological, mineralo-organic particles that may form in the body under both physiological and pathological homeostasis conditions. These mineralo-organic particles may be part of a physiological cycle that regulates the function, transport and disposal of elements and minerals in the human body.

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“…They closely resembled those found in other pathological calcification diseases. [24][25][26] The attacked cells displayed abnormally, showing signs of vacuolar degeneration, membrane structural necrosis, mitochondrial swelling, etc. This indicated that the ultrastructure of the cells was severely damaged and calcifying nanoparticles and human dental pulp cells physiologic function was in disorder after the infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the interaction between calcifying nanoparticles and human dental pulp cells: a preliminary investigation

Yang

Zeng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2010

IJN

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Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs, previously called nanobacteria) are self-propagating, cultivable macromolecular complexes. Their extraordinary characteristic is that they can aggregate carbonate apatite on their envelope from soluble calcium and phosphorus at physiologic concentrations and display cytotoxic effects on murine and human fibroblast cell lines. The question arises whether CNPs contribute to the degeneration of pulp tissue and thus result in clinically significant human dental pulp stones as nidies. This study evaluates CNPs’ effects upon human dental pulp cells (HDPCs, the host cells in pulp tissue). We observed the ultrastructural variation of HDPCs attacked by CNPs. The spatial relationship of HDPCs and CNPs after coculture was also identified by immunofluroscence staining. Furthermore, it was verified by MTT viability assay that CNPs isolated from dental pulp stones exerted cytotoxic effect on HDPCs. Therefore, it could be concluded that the existence of CNPs might interfere with the normal physiologic function of the cells, and that might lead to dental pulp calcification. Elucidation of the cytotoxic characteristics of CNPs may offer a new perspective for understanding the etiology of human dental pulp stones.

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Identification of Nanobacteria in Human Arthritic Synovial Fluid by Method Validated in Human Blood and Urine using 200 nm Model Nanoparticles

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Hemoglobin aggregates studied under static and dynamic conditions involving the formation of nanobacteria-like structures

Hemoglobin aggregates studied under static and dynamic conditions involving the formation of nanobacteria-like structures

Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids

Evaluation of the interaction between calcifying nanoparticles and human dental pulp cells: a preliminary investigation

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