Identification of Nitric Oxide Synthase inStaphylococcus aureus

Choi, Woojin; Chang, Man-Sik; Han, Jeung‐Whan; Hong, Sungyoul; Lee, Hyang-Woo

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7189

Cited by 60 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is reflected by the observation that commonly used mammalian NOS inhibitors fail to inhibit MRSA bNOS (data not shown), in contrast to B. anthracis, where mammalian NOS inhibitors can reproduce the ⌬NOS mutant phenotype (6). Paradoxically, certain iNOS inhibitors have even been reported to increase S. aureus bNOS activity (64), emphasizing the need for additional studies on the function and regulation of the MRSA bNOS enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Nitric-oxide Synthase Affects Antibiotic Sensitivity and Skin Abscess Development

Sorge¹,

Beasley²,

Gusarov

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

117

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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) generates NO through bacterial NO synthase (bNOS). Results: Loss of bNOS increases MRSA sensitivity to host neutrophils, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, and cell envelopeactive antibiotics. Conclusion: bNOS influences MRSA disease pathology. Significance: Future development of bNOS-specific inhibitors could provide dual activities to reduce MRSA pathology and increase antibiotic effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Nitric-oxide Synthase Affects Antibiotic Sensitivity and Skin Abscess Development

Sorge¹,

Beasley²,

Gusarov

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

117

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“…Second, it remains unclear to which degree the activity of the NOS enzyme can be modulated by environmental conditions and process factors. For instance, NOS enzyme activity obtained from S. aureus ATCC 6538P is optimal at pH 6.5 and 47.5°C and is induced by the presence of methanol in the culture medium (25). Nevertheless, optimal conditions for NOS functionality in meat-related CNS are still to be known, as demonstrated in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The presence of NOS in bacteria has been documented for members of Nocardia, Salmonella, and Bacillus (22)(23)(24). Although a presumed NOS gene has been found for all available reference sequences of the 56 finished staphylococcal genomes in the NCBI genome database (16), actual NOS activity has been persuasively described only for S. aureus (25,26). From a technological point of view, the generation of NO by NOS-positive bacteria could be of interest for color formation in fermented meat products prepared without nitrate and nitrite (21,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Favor Conversion of Arginine into Ornithine despite a Widespread Genetic Potential for Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity

Mainar

Weckx

Leroy

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Within ecosystems that are poor in carbohydrates, alternative substrates such as arginine may be of importance to coagulasenegative staphylococci (CNS). However, the versatility of arginine conversion in CNS remains largely uncharted. Therefore, a set of 86 strains belonging to 17 CNS species was screened for arginine deiminase (ADI), arginase, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, in view of their ecological relevance. In fermented meats, for instance, ADI could improve bacterial competitiveness, whereas NOS may serve as an alternative nitrosomyoglobin generator to nitrate and nitrite curing. About 80% of the strains were able to convert arginine, but considerable inter-and intraspecies heterogeneity regarding the extent and mechanism of conversion was found. Overall, ADI was the most commonly employed pathway, resulting in mixtures of ornithine and small amounts of citrulline. Under aerobic conditions, which are more relevant for skin-associated CNS communities, several strains shifted toward arginase activity, leading to the production of ornithine and urea. The obtained data indeed suggest that arginase occurs relatively more in CNS isolates from a dairy environment, whereas ADI seems to be more abundant in strains from a fermented meat background. With some exceptions, a reasonable match between phenotypic ADI and arginase activity and the presence of the encoding genes (arcA and arg) was found. With respect to the NOS pathway, however, only one strain (Staphylococcus haemolyticus G110) displayed phenotypic NOS-like activity under aerobic conditions, despite a wide prevalence of the NOS-encoding gene (nos) among CNS. Hence, the group of CNS displays a strain-and condition-dependent toolbox of arginineconverting mechanisms with potential implications for competitiveness and functionality.

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“…Sequence analysis of the genes encoding bNOS reveals great similarity with the N-terminal NOSoxy domain of mammalian NOS, whereas the NOSred domain is completely absent in bNOS. Nevertheless, bNOS are functional and effectively synthesize NO from L-arginine, also showing inhibition by the mammalian NOS inhibitors (Chen and Rosazza 1994 ;Choi et al 1997 ;Sari et al 1998 ;Adak et al 2002 ). The main used inhibitors for this enzyme are NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and L-N5-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine dihydrochlorid (L-NIO).…”

Section: No Production Pathways: Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide in Azospirillum and Related Bacteria: Production and Effects

Amenta

Molina‐Favero

Creus

et al. 2015

Handbook for Azospirillum

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Azospirillum and other related plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria produce several phytohormones and signaling molecules. Among them, nitric oxide is now recognized as a key second messenger in plants and in benefi cial and pathological plant-microorganism interactions switching on and off different processes. Nitric oxide has been associated to the signaling cascades leading to lateral and adventitious root development induced by Azospirillum in tomato, in the Azospirillum biofi lm formation, and in the nodule development in rhizobia-legume symbiosis. As a central component of N cycle, nitric oxide is produced and consumed in different metabolic pathways such as denitrifi cation and nitrifi cation, and it is closely related to other N compound like nitrate and nitrite. The emerging importance of nitric oxide in the biology of bacteria-plant relation is a challenge for understanding the molecular and chemical basis underpinning the nitric oxide actions in the association of plant growth-promoting bacteria with roots. In this chapter we describe several techniques that allow detecting and quantifying endogenously produced and exogenously applied nitric oxide in bacteria cultures and inoculated plants, including real-time and/or in situ nitric oxide production. The most used methods-Griess assay, electron paramagnetic resonance, fl uorescent probes, and electrochemical sensors-are described with detailed protocols, discussing their advantages and drawbacks. In addition, we remark factors affecting nitric oxide production like growth conditions, metabolic inhibitors, and others. Finally, pharmacological, genetic, and histochemical strategies to study the role of nitric oxide in the association of Azospirillum with plant roots are presented with examples and methodological procedures.

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Identification of Nitric Oxide Synthase inStaphylococcus aureus

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Nitric-oxide Synthase Affects Antibiotic Sensitivity and Skin Abscess Development

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Nitric-oxide Synthase Affects Antibiotic Sensitivity and Skin Abscess Development

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Favor Conversion of Arginine into Ornithine despite a Widespread Genetic Potential for Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity

Nitric Oxide in Azospirillum and Related Bacteria: Production and Effects

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