Identification of Nod like receptor C3 (NLRC3) in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: Characterisation, ontogeny and expression analysis after experimental infection and ligand stimulation

Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors in teleost fish: Current knowledge and future perspectives

“…For example, in channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ), NLRC‐3 expression levels are highest in immune‐related tissues, such as the gill, head kidney, intestine and spleen (Sha et al., ). Similarly, in Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ), the basal expression of NLR‐C3 is highest in the gill and intestine, with modest expression levels also found in the liver (Paria et al., ). Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) NLRC3 gene was extensively expressed in the tissues as NOD1 and NOD2, and the expression was significantly up‐regulated after the infection of Streptococcus agalactiae , especially in the gill and blood (Gao et al., ).…”

“…Analysis of the genome database led to the identification of 13 NLR genes in Japanese pufferfish ( Takifugu rubripes ) that were named NLR‐C1‐13, based upon phylogenetic similarities (Biswas et al., ). In Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ) (Paria et al., ), blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) (Zhou et al., ), and Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Gao et al., ), NLR‐C3 gene was cloned and characterized. Using the tBLASTn program, analysis of the turbot transcriptome database revealed the presence of two NLR‐C3 splice variants, NLR‐C3a and NLR‐C3b (Gao et al., ; Hou et al., ).…”

“…Expression of turbot NLR‐C3a and NLR‐C3b was strongly induced in the intestine, but not in the skin and gill, after infection with the Gram‐negative bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum (Hou et al., ). Similarly, in Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ), expression of intestinal NLR‐C3 was significantly induced by infection with Gram‐negative bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus (Paria et al., ). After infection with Streptococcus iniae , expression of turbot NLR‐C3a and NLR‐C3b was increased more in the intestine than in either skin or gill tissues (Hou et al., ).…”

“…Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) NOD2 showed a marked response to MDP stimulation, but was not responsive to stimulation with Poly(I:C), PGN, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), LPS, mannan, glucan or β‐1,3‐glucan; these findings indicate that zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) NOD2 may be a receptor for MDP (Zou et al., ), which is consistent with Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Gao et al., ). In Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ), NLR‐C3 responds to LPS, Poly(I:C) and PGN stimulation, indicating that these molecules are potential ligands of NLR‐C3 (Paria et al., ). Additionally, recent work suggests that LPS may be a key ligand for NLR‐C9, 10 or 12 in Japanese pufferfish ( Takifugu rubripes ) (Biswas et al., ).…”

“…Both rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) (Álvarez et al., ) and zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) (Shiau, Monk, Joo, & Talbot, ) NLR‐C3 have also been reported to negatively regulate inflammation and macrophage activation. However, other studies suggest that NLR‐C3 may not have a negative regulatory function in a subset of teleost fish, where it functions as a PRR in pathogen recognition (Paria et al., ; Unajak et al., ). For example, in Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) head kidney macrophage (HKM) cells, decreased expression of NLR‐C3 significantly reduced the LPS‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ (Li, Chu et al., ; Li, Chen et al., ).…”