Identification of Non-Pathogenic Xanthomonas Strains Associated with Plants

Vauterin, Luc; Yang, Ping; Alvarez, Anne M.; Takikawa, Yuichi; Roth, Don A.; Vidaver, Anne K.; Stall, Robert E.; Kersters, Karel; Swings, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(96)80016-6

Cited by 62 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Likewise, other studies have recognised unidentified putative xanthomonads associated with strawberry leaves (Roberts et al 1996, Scortichini andRossi 2003). Little is known of the many different nonpathogenic strains of Xanthomonas occurring on different plant species (Vauterin et al 1996), but in this study we consistently isolated faster-growing xanthomonads which present a challenge to the isolation of X. fragariae from strawberry plants with ALS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Outbreak of angular leaf spot, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, in a Queensland strawberry germplasm collection

Young¹,

Marney²,

Herrington³

et al. 2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Strawberry (Fragaria (×) ananassa) plants exhibiting leaf lesions consistent with angular leaf spot (ALS, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King 1962) were identified in the Queensland strawberry germplasm at Bundeberg in May 2010.Water suspensions of bacterial ooze tested positive using a previously described primer set. However, the slow growth rate of X. fragariae and the presence of a fast-growing, nonpathogenic, undescribed Xanthomonas species presented problems that were overcome by dilution plating and DNA sequence analysis. Sequencing of the gyrB locus of putative colonies of X. fragariae indicated 100% sequence similarity to other X. fragariae isolates. A new set of diagnostic primers for X. fragariae based on the gyrB locus is presented.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Outbreak of angular leaf spot, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, in a Queensland strawberry germplasm collection

Young¹,

Marney²,

Herrington³

et al. 2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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“…We have more recently isolated phage directly from the petioles of grapevines that plate to both X. fastidiosa isolates and Xanthomonas. Both genera are members of the Xanthomonadaceae and are associated with a broad range of plant hosts (54,55). Xylella and Xanthomonas share a common origin and have diverged, with X. fastidiosa having a reduced genome that may reflect a xylem-limited lifestyle (56,57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Novel Virulent Broad-Host-Range Phages of Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas

Ahern

Das

Bhowmick

et al. 2013

Journal of Bacteriology

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The xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of several plant diseases, most notably Pierce's disease of grape and citrus variegated chlorosis. We report the isolation and characterization of the first virulent phages for X. fastidiosa, siphophages Sano and Salvo and podophages Prado and Paz, with a host range that includes Xanthomonas spp. Phages propagated on homologous hosts had observed adsorption rate constants of ϳ4 ؋ 10 ؊12 ml cell ؊1 min ؊1 for X. fastidiosa strain Temecula 1 and ϳ5 ؋ 10 ؊10 to 7 ؋ 10 ؊10 ml cell ؊1 min ؊1 for Xanthomonas strain EC-12. Sano and Salvo exhibit >80% nucleotide identity to each other in aligned regions and are syntenic to phage BcepNazgul. We propose that phage BcepNazgul is the founding member of a novel phage type, to which Sano and Salvo belong. The lysis genes of the Nazgul-like phage type include a gene that encodes an outer membrane lipoprotein endolysin and also spanin gene families that provide insight into the evolution of the lysis pathway for phages of Gram-negative hosts. Prado and Paz, although exhibiting no significant DNA homology to each other, are new members of the phiKMV-like phage type, based on the position of the single-subunit RNA polymerase gene. The four phages are type IV pilus dependent for infection of both X. fastidiosa and Xanthomonas. The phages may be useful as agents for an effective and environmentally responsible strategy for the control of diseases caused by X. fastidiosa.T he plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is the causative agent of a number of economically important diseases, including Pierce's disease of grape, phony peach disease, periwinkle wilt, citrus variegated chlorosis, almond leaf scorch, oleander leaf scorch, and coffee leaf scorch (1). Existing disease control methods are often only partially successful and, in the case of systemic insecticides used to control vector populations, may be potentially harmful to the environment (2, 3). Recently, there has been renewed interest in the application of bacteriophages (phage) as an environmentally acceptable mode for the control of bacterial plant disease (4).To this end, our group isolated and characterized the first temperate (lysogenic) phage of X. fastidiosa, Xfas53 (5). However, temperate phage should not be used as biocontrol agents because of their capacity for lysogenic conversion, superinfection immunity, and risk of generalized transduction. Instead, virulent (lytic) phages are needed for an effective and sustainable phage-based control strategy (6). Here we report the isolation and characterization of the first virulent siphophages and podophages for X. fastidiosa that are members of the Nazgul-like phage and the phiKMV-like phage types, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and culture conditions. Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. X. fastidiosa strains were cultured at 28°C in PW-M broth (PW-MB) (7) or on PW-M agar (PW-MA) plates (PW-MB with 20 g/liter plant cell culture-tested agar [...

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“…raphani has also been noted to cause BLS on tomato (Punina et al 2009). Non-pathogenic species of Xanthomonas have also been recorded, potentially complicating the detection of pathogens (Vauterin et al 1996). The distribution and prevalence of BLS-causing Xanthomonas species in Australia is relatively unknown (EPPO 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Xanthomonas species associated with bacterial leaf spot of tomato, capsicum and chilli crops in eastern Australia

Roach

Mann

Gambley³

et al. 2017

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Several species of Xanthomonas cause bacterial leaf spot, a disease that affects solanaceous crops worldwide. The diversity of 64 Australian isolates of Xanthomonas spp. associated with bacterial leaf spot in tomato, capsicum and chilli crops in eastern Australia was determined using multi-locus sequence analysis of atpD, dnaK, efp and gyrB genes, species-specific PCR assays and biochemical analyses. At least five species of Xanthomonas associated with bacterial leaf spot were identified in Australian tomato, capsicum and chilli crops and their pathogenicity assessed. Phylogenetic and biochemical analyses identified X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans and X. vesicatoria as the most frequently recovered pathogenic species. Non-pathogenic and weakly pathogenic species were also identified. The suitability of the identification methods used and the implications of the detection of these species will be discussed.Keywords amylolytic . pectolytic . Solanaceae . disease management IntroductionBacterial leaf spot (BLS) is a disease of solanaceous crops that occurs worldwide, especially in warm and humid climates (Jones et al. 2014). Several species of Xanthomonas are reported to cause BLS of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), capsicum and chilli (Capsicum annuum) . The symptoms of BLS are small, brown, angular, water-soaked lesions on leaves, stems and fruit, and result in defoliation and direct fruit damage. Severe infection may result in extensive damage to crops with significant yield losses (Pernezny et al. 2003). Species reported to cause BLS all produce similar symptoms on their hosts, making precise diagnosis difficult from visual symptoms alone. The impact of pathological convergence and importance of phylogenetic testing in the case of BLS are further highlighted by Hajri et al. (2009). The causal bacteria are spread by wind and water, and may survive in crop residues, weeds and volunteer plants (Jones et al. 1986). A link between field disease and seed contamination has Eur J Plant Pathol (2018) 150:595-608

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Identification of Non-Pathogenic Xanthomonas Strains Associated with Plants

Cited by 62 publications

References 31 publications

Outbreak of angular leaf spot, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, in a Queensland strawberry germplasm collection

Outbreak of angular leaf spot, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, in a Queensland strawberry germplasm collection

Characterization of Novel Virulent Broad-Host-Range Phages of Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas

Identification of Xanthomonas species associated with bacterial leaf spot of tomato, capsicum and chilli crops in eastern Australia

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